年5月CATTI二口真題詳解 英譯漢2

第二篇 出處不明，感覺上像是一個座談會講話，句式比較簡單，邏輯比較清楚，難度較低。

China’s economy growth during the last three decades has been most impressive. This growth, however, is achieved with considerable environmental cost, one of which is serious water pollution. With the rising of living standard, people have been aware of the impact of water pollution on their quality of life. In the area of water management, the priority of Chinese government should be on how to provide 1.35 billion people with clean and safe water, that is, water which could be drunk from the tap without any adverse health impact.
中國過去三十年間的經濟增長令人矚目，但獲得這一增長付出了很大的環境代價，其實之一就是嚴重的水污染。隨着生活水平的增長，人們意識到對於水污染對其生活質量的影響。在水資源管理領域，中國政府優先考慮如何爲13.5億人提供清潔安全的水源，也就是說，自來水應該能夠直接飲用而不會對健康產生負面影響。

My colleagues and I have regularly visited China and we have met few family that drink water from the tap. The distrust of the quality of the tap water can be seen at the sale of bottled water. In 2014, China was expected to overtake the United States as the largest market for bottled water in the world. Although it counts for near one fifth of the world population, China has only seven percent of the world’s fresh water. This means to ensure adequate water for drinking, industrial, agricultural and energy related uses, China’s needs to adopt a new mindset to manage its water, which is becoming increasingly more polluted and scarce.
我和我的同學常常到中國來，我們發現很少有中國家庭直接飲用自來水。對於自來水質量的不信任由瓶裝水情況可見一斑。2014年，中國有望超過美國，成爲全世界最大的瓶裝水市場。雖然中國有世界近五分之一的人口，但只有百分之七的淡水資源。這就意味着爲了保證有足夠的飲用水，工農業以及與能源相關用水，中國需要採用新思維來管理日益污染和不斷減少的。水資源，

What the country needs is a revolution in terms of the water governance, which means the increasing supply is not the automatic answer to the increased demand. One important option is to adjust water price, which is too cheap at present. Consequently, households and industries use too much water. This is also the case for agriculture, which is so far the largest user of water. Neither municipalities nor industries have historically considered extensive treatment and reuse of waste water.
中國需要在水資源管理方面進行革命，也就意味着增加供給不是解決日見增加的需求的直接答案。一個重要的選擇是調整水價。中國目前水價過低，因此家庭和工業用水過於浪費。農業同樣如此，農業是最大的用水大戶。從歷史上說，無論是市政還是各項工業都沒有認真考慮過大規模污水處理和廢水二次使用的問題。

At present, the water expenditure of an average Chinese household is about 0.5 percent of disposable income. This is one of the lowest in the world. The average price of 25 Chinese cities is only 0.46 US dollars per cubic meter, compared with a global average of 2 dollars and 3 cents per cubic meter. the Chinese government has called more efficient use of water and promised that market will play a greater role in setting prices. Accordingly by 2015, there will be a three tier pricing structure in all the cities and towns based on actual water use. The top 5 percent of water users will pay three times the base price. The next fifteen percent will pay 1.5 times the price. However, 80 percent will continue to pay the same cheap price.
目前，中國家庭水費開支只佔可支配收入的百分之零點五，爲全球最低國家之一。中國城市用水價格平均僅爲每立方米0。46美元，而全球均價爲2至3美元。中國政府號召提醒用水效率，承諾市場在調整水價方面起到更大作用。與此相關，到2015年，所有城市和鄉鎮採用三級水價。排名前百分之五的用水大戶將支付三倍於基本價的水價。另有百分之十五的用戶支付一點五倍水價，而其它百分之八十的用戶依然支付原來便宜的水費。

While the new pricing structure is stepping in the right direction, it is not enough to manage demand. The water price has to increase significantly to manage demand. Our general view is that water price should be around 1.5 percent of disposable household incomes. Only those household where water use exceed their income level should receive targeted subsidies. Within the next five to ten years, the objective should be to ensure all cities with a population above a certain level would receive clear water which can be drunk safely from the tap. At the same time, public awareness campaigns such as those in Singapore should be considered. These campaigns are designed to draw public attention to the importance of water to people’s quality of life and the country’s continuous economic development. People should be made aware that the cost of substandard water supply and waste water treatment is probably around 2.5 to 3 percent of the country’s GDP.
雖然新的定價結構向着正確的方向邁出了一步，但不足以管理需求，爲了達到管理需求的目的，水價需要大幅度增長。我們通常認爲水費應該佔到家庭可支配收入的百分之一點五。只有那些用水開支超過其收入水平的家庭才能獲得針對性的補貼。在今後五到十年間，我們的目標是保證所有人口超過一定數量的城市獲得可以直接飲用的清潔水源。同時，應該象新加坡一樣對公衆進行用水意識的教育活動。這些活動旨在讓公共注意水對於人民生活質量以及國家經濟持續發展的重要性。應該教育公衆意識到提供非標準水的以及廢水處理的成本應該佔到國家人均國民生產總值的百分之二點五到三。

With cheap pricing as has been the case historically, there can only be limited water conservation. This has also stopped companies, public and private from carrying out badly needed upgrades and proper and regular maintenance of their water supplying systems and applying the latest technology to improve water management. Water pricing is the one of the important tools available to ensure every Chinese has access to safe water in the foreseeable future. However, like any tool, water pricing has to be used sensitively and properly.
由於低水價由來已久，水資源保護非常有限，使國家和私人公司無法對於供水系統進行急需的升級和日常維護，也不能使用最新技術來提高水資源管理。水價是一項重要的工具，保證中國人能在可預測的未來獲得安全用水，但是，像任何一項工具一樣，使用水價這一工具也要非常小心而合理。