年5月CATTI一口真題詳解 英譯漢1

這段講話的特徵主要是用詞很樸實，有典型的英式英語特徵（香港實行英式英語教學，陳是加拿大的文學博士，文字能力很強），該篇講演的文學性很高，很多看似小巧簡單的比喻和連接，在理解和選詞方面都要費一番思量。此外，朗讀速度較快，單節時間較長，給記錄帶來了很大困難，而且過長的段落會打擊考試者的自信心，造成焦慮，因此在訓練中一定要加大強度，讓自己適應這種速度和題量，纔能有希望通過。

WHO has successfully managed many big outbreaks in recent years. But this Ebola outbreak is very different. None of us experienced in containing outbreaks has ever seen in our lifetimes an emergency on the scale with this degree of suffering and with this magnitude of cascading consequences. This is the largest, most severe and most complex Ebola outbreak ever seen and the nearly 4 decades history of this disease. It is a fast-moving epidemic disease that got ahead of everyone at the start and is still running ahead jumping over everything we put in place to try to slowly it down. In the hardest hit countries, an exponentially rising caseload threatens to push the governments to the brink of state failure. What we see is this: decimated families and communities, abandoned villages, food and fuel shortages, uncollected bodies, fresh graves, a rising number of orphans, and hospitals overflowing or shut down entirely. In affected regions revenues are down, markets not functioning and development project are being canceled. This is not just an outbreak. This is not just a public health crisis. This is a social crisis, a humanitarian crisis, an economic crisis, and a threat to national security well beyond the outbreak zones.
譯文：世衛組織近年來成功地處置了很多大規模疫情。但埃博拉疫情非常不同。在我們一生當中，沒有任何一個人經歷過這種規模緊急情況，它所造成的破壞和不斷加重的後果也是前所未有的。目前埃博拉的爆發是這一疾病近四十年來規模最大，最嚴重也是最複雜的。埃博拉是一種病程很快的傳染病，從一開始就走在了每個人的前面，現在依然超出我們的預期，突破了我們一切用以減慢其傳播速度的設置。在埃博拉影響最大的國家，病例大量出現，使政府到達崩潰的邊緣。我們看到了如下情況：家庭和社區人口大量死亡，村莊廢棄，食物和燃油短缺，屍體無人掩埋，新墳堆累，孤兒不斷增多，醫院人滿爲患，或者完全關閉。受災地區收入下降，市場停滯，衆多發展計劃被取消。這不僅僅是一次疫情，也不是一次公共衛生的危機，這是一次社會危機，人道主義和經濟危機，對國家安全造成的威脅遠遠超出了疫情爆發地區的邊界。
decimated families and communities, abandoned villages, food and fuel shortages, uncollected bodies, fresh graves, a rising number of orphans, and hospitals overflowing or shut down entirely.這幾句話當中的選詞需要注意，不要過份追求典雅與平衡，而要以達意爲主。

Everyday, every minute counts now. We need to talk, but furthermore but we need to act with speed and efficiency and in ways that deal this virus some heavy blows. Standard measures, like early detection and isolation of cases, contact tracing and monitoring, and rigorous procedures for infection control, have stopped previous Ebola outbreaks and can do so again. Affected countries should be equipped with IT system and programs that allow real-time reporting of cases. The outbreak should be mapped so that the transmission zones are identified and priorities can be assigned. What does thisoutbreakthathas been making headlines for months, tell usthe state andstatus of public health of the world at large? First, the outbreak spotlights the dangers of the world's growing social and economic inequalities. Then rumors and panic is spreading even faster than the virus. Ebola sparks nearly universal fear which vastly amplifies social disruption and economic losses well beyond the outbreak zones. The World Bank has estimated that the vast majority of economic losses during any outbreak arise from the uncoordinated and the irrational effort of the public to avoid infection.
參考譯文：每一天，每一分鐘都很重要，我們需要討論，但更需要提高行動的速度和效率，有針對性地處理病毒造成的沉重打擊。一些常規手段，例如早期發現與隔離，對接觸者的追蹤與監控，嚴格的傳染控制措施，阻止了以往埃博拉病毒的疫情，對這一次也同樣有效。受災國家應該配備網絡程序，以便能夠及時通報病例。應該繪製疫情地區，以便了解傳播地區，安排首要任務。幾個月來，埃博拉疫情一直是各大報紙的頭條，我們從中能夠了解世界範圍內公共衛生怎樣的現狀呢？首先，疫情揭示出國際範圍內日益增長的社會與經濟不平等造成的危險。其次，謠言和恐慌比病毒傳播得更快。埃博拉造成全世界的恐慌，嚴重加劇了疫區以外社會的崩潰和經濟損失。世界銀行測算，絕大多數疫情造成的經濟損失源於公衆爲了防止傳染所進行的種種步調不一致的非理性行爲。
Third, when a deadly and dreaded virus hits the destitute and spirals out of control, the whole world is put at risk. Our 21st century societies are interconnected, interdependent and electronically wired together as never before. We see this now with a very dangerous virus outbreak in Nigeria’s oil and natural gas hub. Nigeria is the world’s fourth largest oil producer and second largest supplier of natural gas. The outbreak in the country’s potential energy hub can potentially dampen the economic outlooks worldwide. Fourth, decades of neglect of fundamental health systems and services mean that a shock, like climate change or a disease run wild, can bring a country to its knees. You cannot build these systems up during a crisis. Instead, they collapse. A dysfunctional health system also means zero population resilience. Fifth: Ebola emerged nearly 40 years ago. Why are clinicians still empty-handed, with no vaccines and no cure? This is because Ebola has been, historically, geographically confined to poor African nations. The R&D incentive is virtually non-existent. A profit-driven industry does not invest in products for markets that cannot pay.
第三，當一種致命而令人恐懼的病毒襲擊貧困人口並失去控制，整個世界也處於危險之中。二十一世紀的各國社會普遍聯繫，相互依存，由電子網絡聯在一起，這種情況前所未有。目前，我們看到隨着一種危險病毒在尼日利亞的石油和天然氣中心爆發，這種情況已經出現。尼日利亞是世界第四大產油國，第二大天然氣輸出國。這個國家能源中心的可能出現的疫情可能會影響到世界的經濟前景。第四，數十年來忽視了對基礎衛生系統和服務建設，就意味着一旦出現氣候變化或者某種疾病失去控制，就會讓一個國家完全癱瘓。這類系統無法在危機出現時加強，相反，會完全崩潰。衛生系統運轉不良也就意味着人口無法恢復活力。第五，埃博拉出現已有近四十年了，爲什麼醫生們依舊兩手空空，既沒有疫苗又沒有治療方法？這是因爲在歷史上埃博拉一直限於貧困的非洲國家。對於其治療的研發的動力幾乎不存在。沒有利潤的驅動，醫學工業不會投資研發當地市場買不起的產品。
Finally, the world is ill-prepared to respond to any severe, sustained, and threatening public health emergency. Here, I see two specific lessons for WHO. One: We must continue to push for the inclusion of health, and health systems, on the post-2015 development agenda. We now have some much more compelling evidence for doing so, and a much more responsive audience. People are now willing to hear arguments that have fallen on deaf ears for years. Two: The pressures of this outbreak are revealing some cracks and weaknesses at WHO, some dysfunctional elements that must be corrected urgently as part of organizational reform.
最後，世界並沒有準備好應對嚴重而持久地威脅公共安全的緊急情況。在這裏，世衛組織要吸取兩點教訓。第一，我們應該繼續推動將健康以及衛生系統納入2015後發展計劃。我們現在有了更爲緊迫的理由這樣做，而且我們的公共也對此反應更爲積極。目前公衆願意聽我們談論這項內容，而多年以來，這些內容他們完全聽不進去。第二，疫情造成的壓力暴露出世衛組織的一些漏洞和缺陷，有些運作不良的情況必須加以改正，作爲衛生組織改革的一部分。