新冠病毒演化出兩個亞型

A Chinese doctor has warned the novel coronavirus can attack a person's central nervous system. It is the first case that proves the novel coronavirus can damage people's central nervous system, media reported Wednesday.

澎湃新聞3月4日報道，北京地壇醫院首次報告了新冠病毒攻擊中樞神經系統的病例。

Liu Jingyuan, dean of the ICU department of the Beijing Ditan Hospital and attending doctor of the 56-year-old patient, warned that doctors should check cerebrospinal fluid if patients suddenly slip in and out of consciousness, in order to lower the fatality rate of critical patients. The patient recovered and was discharged from hospital on February 25.

北京地壇醫院ICU主任劉景院參與了這名56歲患者的救治，他表示一旦患者出現意識障礙，醫生應及時進行腦脊液等相關檢查，從而進一步降低危重病人的病死率。

The patient was hospitalized one month earlier for respiratory failure. Doctors conducted gene sequencing on his cerebrospinal fluid as he showed symptoms of neurological disorder like twitching on the face after days of treatments.

該患者於1月24日以新冠肺炎、危重型、呼吸衰竭收入院。治療數日後，醫生檢查發現患者出現頜面及口角頻繁抽搐等神經系統紊亂症狀。

China issued the seventh treatment guide for COVID-19 on Tuesday that includes results of autopsies, which clarifies that the novel coronavirus could damage various organs including brain tissue.

3月3日，國家衛生健康委員會發布了《新型冠狀病毒肺炎診療方案（試行第七版）》，其中指出新冠病毒可能會對包括腦組織在內的器官造成傷害。

The novel coronavirus has evolved into two major subtypes, a Chinese study has revealed.

日前，中國科學團隊發現，新冠病毒演化出了兩個亞型。

The study, titled On the origin and continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2, was published on the National Science Review of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) on Tuesday (March 3).

3月3日，中國科學院主辦的《國家科學評論》（National Science Review）發表題爲《關於SARS-CoV-2的起源和持續進化》的論文。

By analyzing the genome-wide molecular evolution of 103 novel coronavirus samples, scientists found 101 samples that can be categorized into S-cov and L-cov based on 149 mutation spots on virus strains.

論文通過對目前爲止最大規模的103個新冠病毒全基因組分子進化分析，發現病毒株已發生了149個突變點，而且多數是近期產生的。該研究揭示：新冠病毒已經演化出L和S兩個亞型。其中101個屬於這兩個亞型。

The paper states that S type, accounting for 30 percent, is closer to the bat-related coronavirus and is relatively older, while the L type was more prevalent in the early stages of the outbreak in Wuhan.

基因組數據表明，感染S型的比例佔30%，L型的感染比例佔70%。S型與蝙蝠來源的冠狀病毒在進化樹上更接近，從而得出S型相對更古老的結論。L型在武漢爆發疫情的早期階段更爲普遍。

Human intervention may have placed more severe selective pressure on the L type, which might be more aggressive and spread more quickly than the S type.

人爲干預可能對L亞型施加了更大的選擇性壓力，如果沒有這些干預，L亞型可能更具侵略性和擴散得更快速。

However, the authors highlighted the fact the data examined in the study is very limited. How L type strains evolved from S type, as well as how these mutations would affect the transmission and pathogenesis of the virus, are still unknown.

不過，論文作者也指出研究數據很有限。L型如何從S型演化而來，以及變異如何影響病毒傳播和發病機制，依然是未知數。

Scientists also found most patients caught either the L or S type of novel coronavirus strain. But there might be exceptions to the rule that should be followed with further research. For example, the study said a 63-year-old female patient in Chicago had likely contracted both L and S types of novel coronavirus strains when she traveled in Wuhan and returned to the United States on Jan 13.

樣本顯示，大部分患者只感染了L亞型或S亞型中的一個。但其中一位近期有過武漢旅行史的63歲美國患者卻很有可能同時感染了L型和S型新冠病毒。不過，該論文作者表示目前還無法排除新突變型的可能性。