新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎與流感有何區別？

新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎疫情防控工作正在全國有條不紊地進行。它與季節性流感有哪些相似和不同？讓我們一起科學防控，抗擊疫情。

The novel coronavirus, which originated in the Chinese city of Wuhan and has now spread to 12 countries, has much in common with seasonal flu. They are both viral infections, share similar symptoms and - crucially - can spread from human to human. In the midst of flu season in much of the northern hemisphere, telling the difference between the two will be vital in stopping its spread.

起源於中國武漢市的新型冠狀病毒已擴散至12個國家，與季節性流感有很多相似之處。它們都是病毒感染，有相似的症狀，最重要的是，可以在人與人之間傳播。北半球大部分地區正處於流感季節，區分兩者對於阻止新型冠狀病毒的傳播至關重要。

coronavirus[kə,rəunə'vaiərəs]：n.冠狀病毒

Are the symptoms similar to that of the flu?

新型冠狀病毒感染症狀與流感相似嗎？

Human coronaviruses, of which there are four, can cause respiratory infections similar to flu: while many symptoms are mild, both can lead to pneumonia and become lethal. However, the novel coronavirus is more serious than a "typical influenza infection," says Ian Jones, a professor of virology at the University of Reading.

人類冠狀病毒（一共有四種）可引起類似流感的呼吸道感染：雖然許多症狀很輕微，但兩者都可導致肺炎並致命。然而，雷丁大學的病毒學教授伊恩·瓊斯說，這種新型冠狀病毒比“典型的流感感染”更爲嚴重。

"This virus appears to go further down into the lungs than would generally be the case, therefore giving you symptoms of pneumonia: the lungs becoming flooded, they don't function very well and the patient gets into breathing difficulty."

“這種病毒似乎更容易深入肺部，因此會出現肺炎的症狀：肺部積水，肺功能不佳，病人呼吸困難。”

Why is it more feared than the flu?

爲什麼它比流感更可怕？

While the mortality rates and symptoms of flu and novel coronavirus may end up being similar, humans' ability to fight off the viruses differ greatly.

雖然流感和新型冠狀病毒的死亡率和症狀可能很相似，但人類抗擊病毒的能力卻有很大不同。

Humans have naturally built up antibodies to seasonal flu and scientists have developed annual vaccines to fight it. During a pandemic, which the new coronavirus has the potential to become, "there is no immunity in the population so you have potential for a global spread," warns Jones.

人類天生就會對季節性流感產生抗體，科學家們每年都會研製出流感疫苗。瓊斯警告說，這種新型冠狀病毒有可能成爲流行病，“人們普遍對此沒有免疫力，因此有可能在全球範圍內傳播。”

antibody[ˈæntibɒdi]：n. [免疫]抗體

There is also a widespread familiarity with flu, which dampens concern. As with the Ebola epidemic and the Zika virus, both of which peaked in the middle of the last decade, fears around the new coronavirus are compounded due to a lack of knowledge over its nature.

人們對流感也很熟悉，這降低了人們的擔憂。正如同在2015年前後達到頂峯的埃博拉病毒和寨卡病毒，由於對其性質缺乏瞭解，人們對這種新型冠狀病毒的擔憂加劇。

Is it as easy to catch as the flu?

它和流感一樣容易傳染嗎？

Flu can spread from person to person from up to six feet away, largely caused by liquid emitted when the inflicted cough or sneeze. Those infected are usually contagious for around three days following the beginning of their illness, although this time-frame could stretch to over a week.

流感可以在相隔6英尺的人們之間傳播，主要是由患者咳嗽或打噴嚏時的飛沫引起。感染者通常在發病後三天左右具有傳染性，不過傳染期可能會延長至一週以上。

All this and more remains a mystery in regards to the new coronavirus. To understand the virility of the outbreak, Jones urges a focus on whether or not international cases lead to secondary infections. "If they don't," he explains, "it would suggest that the virus doesn't transmit quite so well: clearly all the people on the airplane (that traveled from an infected zone) didn't get it."

而對於新型冠狀病毒來說，所有這些仍然是一個謎。爲了瞭解疫情的嚴重性，瓊斯敦促關注國際病例是否會導致第二代傳播。他解釋說：“如果沒有，那就意味着病毒傳播力減弱：很明顯，飛機上的所有人（從疫區起飛）都沒有感染。”

What you should do if you think you have it?

如果你認爲患病了，應該怎麼做？

Medical advice is similar across those countries with confirmed cases of the infection. In France, authorities are asking those who think they are infected to call an ambulance rather than visiting a hospital, where they could potentially pass on the virus. Similar advice has been issued in China and Germany.

在有確診感染病例的國家，醫囑是類似的。在法國，當局要求那些認爲自己被感染的人叫救護車，而不是去醫院，因爲他們可能會把病毒傳給其他人。中國和德國也提出了類似的建議。

如何預防新型冠狀病毒？

冬春季是呼吸道傳染病高發季節，人員流動頻繁增加了傳染病的傳播風險。爲做好新型冠狀病毒感染預防，北京市疾控中心提醒市民做好以下幾件事：

加強個人防護

避免前往人羣密集的公共場所。避免接觸發熱呼吸道感染病人，如需接觸時要佩戴口罩；勤洗手，尤其在手被呼吸道分泌物污染時、觸摸過公共設施後、照顧發熱呼吸道感染或嘔吐腹瀉病人後、探訪醫院後、處理被污染的物品以及接觸動物、動物飼料或動物糞便後；不要隨地吐痰。打噴嚏或咳嗽時用紙巾或袖肘遮住口、鼻；加強鍛鍊，規律作息，保持室內空氣流通。

避免接觸野生禽畜

避免接觸禽畜、野生動物及其排泄物和分泌物，避免購買活禽和野生動物；避免前往動物農場和屠宰場、活禽動物交易市場或攤位、野生動物棲息地等場所。必須前往時要做好防護，尤其是職業暴露人羣；避免食用野生動物。不要食用已經患病的動物及其製品；要從正規渠道購買冰鮮禽肉，食用禽肉蛋奶時要充分煮熟，處理生鮮製品時，器具要生熟分開並及時清洗，避免交叉污染。

杜絕帶病上班、聚會

如有發燒、咳嗽等呼吸道感染的症狀，居家休息，減少外出和旅行，天氣良好時居室多通風，接觸他人請佩戴口罩。要避免帶病上班、上課及聚會。

及時就醫

從武漢等地外出旅行歸來，如出現發熱咳嗽等呼吸道感染症狀，應根據病情就近選擇醫院發熱門診就醫，並戴上口罩就診，同時告知醫生類似病人或動物接觸史、旅行史等。