如何預防兒童得2型糖尿病大綱

With obesity rates on the rise - and, perhaps most importantly, on the rise in children - type 2 diabetes is an ever increasing strain on the NHS. While manageable, it's a disease best avoided. Diabetes affects how the body glucose, which is the main type of sugar in the blood.

隨着肥胖率的增加--也許最爲重要的是，兒童肥胖率的增加--英國國民健康體系面臨的2型糖尿病的壓力也越來越大。雖然糖尿病易於管理，但最好還是不要患這種疾病。糖尿病會影響體內葡萄糖，這是血糖的主要類型。

Glucose is sourced from the food we eat. To process it, we need a hormone called insulin. Diabetes inhibits this from happening properly. Before we look at how to help kids avoid developing diabetes, here are the two types so that you can differentiate, if you're unaware. The NHS has the information handy.

葡萄糖源於我們所吃的食物。爲了消化葡萄糖，我們需要一種稱之爲胰島素的荷爾蒙。糖尿病會抑制胰島素的正常分泌。在研究如何避免兒童得糖尿病之前，您應該懂得區分糖尿病的這2種類型（如果您不瞭解的話）。英國國民健康體系提供了這類信息。

What is diabetes?

什麼是糖尿病？

1. Type 1 diabetes, in which the immune system attacks the pancreas and destroys the cells that make insulin.

1. 1型糖尿病：免疫系統攻擊胰腺並破壞產生胰島素的細胞。

2. Type 2 diabetes, in which the pancreas can still make insulin, but the body doesn't respond to it properly.

2. 2型糖尿病：胰腺仍可分泌胰島素，但身體卻無法做出適當反映。

In both forms, glucose can't get into human cells properly. This causes a rise in blood sugar levels, which can lead to serious health complications. Type 1 cannot be prevented. Doctors can't tell who's going to get it - simply, it's the luck of the draw. Today, the disease can be treated and people don't have to get ill. In both types of diabetes, glucose can't get into the cells normally. This causes a rise in blood sugar levels, which can make someone sick if not treated.

在兩種情況下，葡萄糖都無法恰當的進入人體細胞。這會導致血糖水平升高，從而導致嚴重的健康併發症。1型糖尿病無法預防。醫生也不知道誰會得1型糖尿病--簡而言之，這全憑運氣。現而今，糖尿病可以得到治療，人們不必因此生病。在這兩種糖尿病中，葡萄糖無法正常的進入細胞，導致血糖水平升高，如果不加以治療，人們會因此生病。

It's not contagious nor is it hereditary. And your doctor will best guide you in dealing with it. Type 2 though is developed over time. And is preventable in many cases, especially in children.

糖尿病不屬於傳染性疾病，也不是遺傳性的。你的醫生會盡可能的指導你應對糖尿病。但2型糖尿病通常隨着時間的推移而發展。很多情況下是可以預防的，尤其可以預防兒童發展2型糖尿病。

Is my child at risk of diabetes?

我的孩子是否有患糖尿病的風險？

Excessive weight gain, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle are all things that put youngsters at risk in later life. Today, more kids and teens are being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes than ever before due to unhealthy lifestyles.

過度的體重增加、肥胖和久坐的生活方式都是小孩以後可能患糖尿病的因素。現而今，越來越多的兒童和青少年都被診斷出患有2型糖尿病，這都是由於不健康的生活方式所致。

Diets high in sugar and fat contribute to the likelihood of getting diabetes. A lack of exercise also isn't good. It's true that some people are more susceptible to developing the disease than others. Some racial groups are at heightened risk too. But the best thing to do for your kids is give them the best possible chance of avoiding type 2 diabetes.

含糖量和含脂肪量高的飲食導致了患糖尿病的可能性。缺少鍛鍊也不是件好事。雖然有些人比其他人更易患糖尿病這是事實，但一些種族羣體也處於高風險之中。所以你能爲孩子做的最好的事情就是：儘可能的讓他們避免得2型糖尿病。