美語情景對話 第722期:Type 1 and 2 Diabetes 1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病

Todd: Mike, we're talking about diabetes. Often I hear about diabetes Type 1 and diabetes Type 2. What's the difference?

託德：邁克，我們來談談糖尿病。我聽說有1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病。這兩種有什麼區別？

Mike: That's right, Todd. There are two types of diabetes. There is. There's two types. There's Type 1 diabetes and there's Type 2. Type 1 is usually attributed to genetics and generally Type 1, it can happen at any age but it tends to happen when people are younger, and then for some reason, they still don't know why, but the pancreas, an organ in your body, it stops producing insulin, which is a hormone, and when that happens, you instantly become diabetic, and that's Type 1 diabetes. Now, Type 2 diabetes, generally speaking, is because of diet related issues. People who tend to have poor diets, or tend to be very overweight, and again I'm generalizing of course, so there's probably very healthy fit Type 2 diabetics that can still get it but generally, what I think happens with Type 2 diabetes, this is just a theory, that you put so much strain on your pancreas to produce insulin for all the sugar that you're eating that it just stops, it just runs out of insulin and slowly, slowly starts to slow down.

邁克：沒錯，託德。糖尿病有兩種類型。有兩種類型的糖尿病。分別爲1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病。1型糖尿病和遺傳有關，通常來說，基於某些原因，1型糖尿病可能在任何年齡斷髮病，多發生在青年時期，不過現在醫學界還不知道原因，當身體裏的胰腺這個器官不再生產胰島素這種激素，人就會患上糖尿病，這種就屬於1型糖尿病。而一般而言，2型糖尿病與飲食有關。總的來說，可能飲食不良或超重都會引發2型糖尿病，可能非常健康的人也會得2型糖尿病，不過我認爲從理論上說，是因爲胰腺爲了能產生分解攝入糖分的胰島素而承受了太多壓力，導致胰腺停止工作，無法再產生胰島素，所以胰腺一點一點地停止工作。

Todd: So basically if you have a really poor diet, and you eat a lot of sugar and you don't exercise then you increase your chances....

託德：基本上來說，如果飲食不良，攝入了太多糖分，又不鍛鍊，那就會增加患糖尿病的機率……

Mike: Definitely. Definitely. You're increasing your chances. I'm sure of that.

邁克：沒錯，就是這個意思。這樣會增加患病機率。我確定會這樣。

Todd: Right. So, I think these days, one of the biggest problems is probably soda. I know I drink too much soda, so being a diabetic, do you ever drink soda or sweet drinks?

託德：好。我想這些天最大的問題可能是蘇打汽水。我知道我喝了太多蘇打汽水，你是糖尿病患者，你會喝蘇打汽水或是甜飲料嗎？

Mike: Well, of course I do but like non-sugar sodas, like diet cokes and those kind of things, but of course I drink fruit juices, but generally I drink more water or try to drink drinks that don't have a lot of sugar added in them.

邁克：我當然不會喝，不過我可以喝無糖蘇打汽水，或是無糖可樂之類的飲料，我會喝果汁，不過一般我基本上是喝水和不含太多糖分的飲料。

Todd: Right. Now, actually if you have diabetes 1 or diabetes 2 is the result the same?

託德：好。1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病的結果一樣嗎？

Mike: Well, actually there's one major difference and I didn't mention. Type 1 diabetes have to use insulin injections. They have to inject insulin to control the blood sugars. Type 2 diabetes often can take pills, so they don't have to inject themselves, so it's a pretty major difference, I think psychologically, if you have Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes.

邁克：哦，這是我剛纔沒提到的一個主要不同點。1型糖尿病必須要注射胰島素。醫生要爲病人注射胰島素來控制他們的血糖。2型糖尿病可以吃藥治療，病人不用注射胰島素，這是最大的不同，我認爲1型糖尿病患者和2型糖尿病患者的心理也不同。

Todd: And are the complications the same?

託德：那併發症一樣嗎？

Mike: Yeah, the complications can be the same. Yeah.

邁克：一樣，併發症是一樣的。

Todd: Can you explain what can happen?

託德：你能解釋一下會有什麼併發症嗎？

Mike: Well, like what happened to me. Generally what happens, the blood sugar clogs your blood vessels inside your body and eventually it leads to things like amputations. It can lead to things like loss of vision. It can lead to all kinds of other health related problems where, you know, circulation is important, so those are probably the biggest... liver disease, or sorry, kidney disease is another big one as well so people often lose their kidneys or their eyes — eyesight — or limbs.

邁克：就像我身上發生的事。一般來說，血糖會阻塞你身體裏的血管，最終可導致截肢。而且還會導致失明，和其他各種健康問題，循環非常重要，這可能是最嚴重的……肝病，抱歉，是腎病，糖尿病可能導致腎切除、失明或截肢。

Todd: That's terrible.

託德：這太糟糕了。

Mike: Yeah, it is. It's pretty serious.

邁克：對，很糟糕。會導致非常嚴重的後果。

Todd: So the main thing to do to try to prevent it is to have a healthy lifestyle and eat a healthy diet.

託德：所以你要做的事就是儘量防止這些併發症的發生，擁有健康的生活方式，食用健康的飲食。

Mike: Yeah. Absolutely. Of course for Type 1 I don't think there is much you can really do to prevent it, If you get it, you get it, but definitely for Type 2 that's a good think to do.

邁克：對，沒錯。不過就1型糖尿病來說，如果患上1型糖尿病，我認爲能阻止併發症發生的措施並不多，不過對2型糖尿病來說，這是很好的建議。

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重點講解：
1. attribute to 把…歸因於；把…歸咎於；
例句：Iattributehis successtohis energy.
我把他的成功歸因於他的精力旺盛。
2. for some reason 不知爲何；不知什麼原因；
例句：He seems to have it in for mefor some reason.
不知爲什麼，他對我耿耿於懷。
3. happen to （尤指不愉快的事）發生（在…身上）；（某人）遭到；遇到；
例句：She looks as if nothing hadhappened toher.
她當時看起來好像什麼事都沒發生似的。
4. lead to 招致；致使；導致；
例句：The lack of planleads tooverproduction of cars.
缺乏計劃導致汽車生產過剩。
5. all kinds of 各種類型的；五花八門的；
例句：We now exportall kinds ofindustrial products.
我們現在出口各種工業品。