雙語暢銷書《艾倫圖靈傳》第8章:水銀延時線(128)
He drew a Darwinian parallel:
It may be of interest to mention two other kinds of search in this connection.
關於這種搜索，我們可以做兩個有趣的類比。There is the genetical or evolutionary search by which a combination of genes is looked for, the criterion being survival value.
基因的組合過程，就是一種自然的進化搜索，其標準就是生存法則。
The remarkable success of this search confirms to some extent the idea that intellectual activity consists mainly of various kinds of search.
這種搜索的成功性，擴展了我們的想法，即智能活動還可能包括很多種不同形式的搜索。The remaining form of search is what I should like to call the 'cultural search'.
還有一種搜索形式，我將它稱爲"社會搜索"。As I have mentioned, the isolated man does not develop any intellectual power.
正如我前面提到的，一個孤立的個體，無法獲得任何智能。It is necessary for him to be immersed in an environment of other men, whose techniques he absorbs during the first twenty years of his life.
對個體來說，社會環境是非常重要的，個體需要在這個環境中習得各種技能，He may then perhaps do a little research of his own and make a very few discoveries which are passed on to other men.
然後纔有可能獨立地進行一些探索，發現一些新東西，並傳授給其他人。From this point of view the search for new techniques must be regarded as carried out by the human community as a whole, rather than by individuals.
從這個觀點來看，任何新技術都應該視爲整個人類社會的產物，而不是某個人的產物。This was a rare revelation of his self-perception. It was a dignified and generous response to the lessons of 1937 and 1945, when others had come forward with ideas equivalent to his own—so much more realistic than the usual worrying about 'priority', with its implicit fear of cheating and copying,
這種想法，也許是圖靈從他1937年到1945年的經歷中體會到的，那時候就有其他人提出了與他相同的關於機器的思想。這種"整體產出"的想法，比通常的"個人專利"的想法更具有現實意義。and so free of the male competitiveness which was by 1948 becoming more and more evident in science.
1948年的學術界充滿了激烈的競爭，時刻面臨着抄襲和作弊的危險。He never claimed more than that 'some years ago I made an investigation into what could be done by a rule-of-thumb process,' when referring to his own part.
當圖靈提到自己時，他從未說過"幾年前我做了什麼什麼研究"之類的話，And of course this had been yet another of the lessons of 1941, that it was the search of the whole Bletchley community that mattered so much.
他在1941年就體會到了這一點，那時候他的工作需要整個布萊切利的協助。But that very fact might perhaps have made him wonder more as to whether the operation of the brain 'without interference' was really the right way in which to focus attention.
也許圖靈更有興趣的問題是，讓大腦排除所有的"外界干擾"，是不是一種集中注意力的正確方式。The very existence of these social or cultural levels of description was an indication that individual 'intelligence' was not the whole story. This question was not developed in this essay.
這種對於個體智能的社會化描述，並不是故事的全部，圖靈也並沒有詳細展開。Meanwhile, his ability to stand back from the individual struggle was certainly required in adjusting himself to work with the rival computer that had been developed at Manchester.
但不管怎麼說，他現在如果不想孤獨地掙扎，就必須要依靠曼徹斯特的工作。
