雙語暢銷書《艾倫圖靈傳》第8章:水銀延時線(118)

He could see two possible lines of development.

圖靈看到了兩條發展路線。

There was the 'instruction note' view, according to which better and better programs would be written, allowing the machine to take more and more over for itself.

一是基於"指令便條"的想法，編寫越來越龐大完善的程序，使機器具備越來越多的能力。

He thought this should be done. But his dominant interest now lay in the 'states of mind' approach to 'building a brain'.

圖靈認爲這是完全可以做到的，但他更有興趣的是基於"思維狀態"來建造大腦。

His guiding idea was that 'the brain must do it somehow', and that it had not become capable of thought by virtue of some higher being writing programs for it.

他的指導信念是，人類大腦一定存在着某種內在機制，沒有什麼更高等的東西在爲人腦編程。

There must be a way in which a machine could learn for itself, according to this line of argument, just as the brain did.

一定存在着某種方法，可以使機器自動地學習，就像人類的大腦一樣。

He explained his view that 'intelligence' had not been wired into the brain at birth, in a passage showing the influence of his recent research into physiology and psychology:

圖靈解釋道，新生嬰兒的大腦是不具備"智能"的，在論文中有一段，體現了他目前對心理學和哲學所做的研究：

Many parts of a man's brain are definite nerve circuits required for quite definite purposes.

人類大腦的很多部分，是由針對特定功能的特定神經迴路組成的，

Examples of these are the 'centres' which control respiration, sneezing, following moving objects with the eyes, etc: all the reflexes proper (not 'conditioned') are due to the activities of these definite structures in the brain.

比如說控制呼吸、打噴嚏、控制眼球來跟蹤運動物體，這些反應都是由腦內的特定結構決定的。

Likewise the apparatus for the more elementary analysis of shapes and sounds probably comes into this category.

一些基本的圖形和聲音識別功能也屬於這一類。

But the more intellectual activities of the brain are too varied to be managed on this basis.

但是，這一機制並不能夠支持更加智能的一些行爲，

The difference between the languages spoken on the two sides of the Channel is not due to differences in development of the French-speaking and English-speaking parts of the brain.

比如說，海峽兩岸的語言不同，並不是因爲法國人的大腦結構與英國人的不同。

We believe then that there are large parts of the brain, chiefly in the cortex, whose function is largely indeterminate.

我們認爲，大腦的大部分，尤其是皮層，其功能並不是固定的。

In the infant these parts do not have much effect: the effect they have is uncoordinated. In the adult they have great and purposive effect: the form of this effect depends on the training in childhood.

在嬰兒時期，這些部分並沒有太大的作用，但在成人時期，他們卻具有強大的、有針對性的功能，這一結果依賴於成長過程中所受的訓練。

A large remnant of the random behaviour of infancy remains in the adult.

而在成人時期，幼兒的一些隨意行爲，仍有很大一部分遺留在我們腦中。