不滿美日控制亞洲金融 中國欲另起爐竈叫板世行

China wants to set up a multilateral development bank in Asia to break the U.S.’s financial hold on the continent, the Financial Times reported Tuesday, citing officials familiar with the matter.

《金融時報》（Financial Times）週二援引知情官員的話報道，中國意欲在亞洲新建一家多邊開發銀行，打破美國對亞洲的金融控制。

It said that Chinese officials have been touring Asia and the Middle East drumming up support for a new institution with $100 billion in capital, with a view to financing major development projects such as infrastructure. The FT said 22 countries across the region have expressed interest so far.

據稱，中國官員們已經出訪亞洲和中東爭取支持，希望建立一家資本金達1000億美元的新銀行，專爲基礎設施等大型開發項目提供融資。《金融時報》稱，迄今爲止，亞洲地區內已有22個國家表示感興趣。

Such an institution would be a direct rival to the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, which China thinks are too much influenced by the U.S. and its ally, Japan.

這樣的一家銀行將與世界銀行（World Bank）、亞洲開發銀行（Asian Development Bank）直接展開競爭。中國認爲，後兩家銀行受到了美國及其同盟日本的過多影響。

The initiative reflects not only China’s ever-growing financial clout, but also its anger at the U.S.’s refusal to implement a 2010 deal allowing it and other emerging nations greater influence in the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.

這個動議反映的不僅是中國財力的不斷增長，也顯現了它對美國拒絕實施2010改革方案的憤怒。根據2010改革方案，美國本該讓中國和其他發展中國家在世界銀行和國家貨幣基金組織（International Monetary Fund）中獲得更大的影響力。

In 2010, after pushing from emerging economies led by China, Russia and Brazil, the G-20 agreed to give them more influence over the two Bretton Woods institutions, in return for funding a big increase in their resources.

2010年，在以中國、俄羅斯和巴西爲首的發展中經濟體的推動下，20國集團（G20）同意，在這些國家增加出資比例的同時，在上述兩個佈雷頓森林體系機構中給予它們更多的影響力。

However, Congress has refused to ratify the U.S.’s contribution to the reforms, which threatens to unravel the whole deal since the U.S., as the IMF’s largest shareholder, still has effective veto powers many of its actions.

但美國國會已經拒絕批准美國在這個改革方案中的出資計劃。這可能導致整個方案流產，因爲美國作爲IMF最大的股東，仍擁有事實上的一票否決權。

The financial crisis led to a big increase in demand for IMF funds, first from weaker emerging nations but later, and to a far greater extent, from the euro zone. The scale of IMF aid to the comparatively rich euro zone has angered many emerging countries. Asian countries in particular have grumbled that the IMF imposed far softer terms on euro-zone borrowers than it did during the Asian financial crisis in the late 1990s.

金融危機導致對IMF的資金需求大增，需求首先是來自那些經濟相對薄弱的國家，但後來很大程度上是來自歐元區。IMF爲相對富裕的歐元區所提供的援助規模之大惹惱了很多新興國家。IMF對歐元區借款人開出的條款遠比20世紀末亞洲金融危機期間的要溫和，亞洲國家對這一點特別不滿。

The FT noted that China is hardly more satisfied with its role at the Asian Development Bank, established at U.S. prompting in the 1960s with a more or less overt mandate to help stop the spread of Communism in the region against the backdrop of the Korean and Vietnam wars.

《金融時報》指出，中國對於自己在亞洲開發銀行的角色也同樣不滿意。亞洲開發銀行是20世紀60年代在美國的敦促下建立的，公開的目的多多少少就是在朝鮮戰爭和越南戰爭的背景下幫助遏制共產主義在亞洲的傳播。

The U.S. and Japan each have stakes of over 15% in the ADB, while China, whose economy is now larger than Japan’s, holds only 5.5%.

美國和日本在亞洲開發銀行分別擁有超過15%的權益，而經濟規模已超日本的中國僅持股5.5%。

The FT said Beijing wants to establish what it calls the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank by the end of the year–which is also the deadline that the IMF has set Congress for ratifying the 2010 deal.

《金融時報》表示，中國希望到今年年底建立起“亞洲基礎設施投資銀行”（Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank），這也是IMF設定美國國會批准2010改革方案的最後期限。