新研究表明健康的生活方式可降低遺傳性心臟病病發的風險

A team of US researchers have found that those who have a high genetic risk of cardiovascular disease can cut the probability of a heart attack in half by following a healthy lifestyle.

美國的一組研究人員發現對於那些遺傳性心臟病患病率極高的人來說，通過健康的生活方式可降低一半的患病率。

Carried out by a team from Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), the researchers looked at whether a healthy lifestyle could modify and reduce the genetic risk of heart disease by analyzing genetic and clinical data from more than 55,000 participants taken from four large-scale studies.

馬薩諸塞州總院的團隊開展了此項研究，研究員們從四項大型研究中挑選了55,000多名受試者，通過分析這些受試者的遺傳和臨牀數據，研究員們觀察了健康的生活方式是否能改正並降低遺傳性心臟病患病率。

Three of the studies -- the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, the Women's Genome Health Study, and the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study -- are prospective studies that have followed participants for up to 20 years.

四項研究中有三項研究是前瞻性研究，已跟蹤調查受試者長達20年之久。這三項研究是：社區人員動脈粥樣硬化風險研究、女性基因組健康研究和馬爾莫飲食和癌症研究。

The fourth study included was the BioImage Study which assessed a variety of risk factors. Each participant was assigned a genetic risk score based on whether they carried any of 50 gene variants that previous studies had found were associated with an increased risk of a heart attack.

第四項研究是評估多種風險因素的生物圖像研究。基於受試者是否攜帶先前研究中發現的與心臟病風險增加的50種基因變異，每位受試者都有一個遺傳風險評分。

The team also gave the participants a lifestyle score based on four lifestyle factors -- no current smoking, a body mass index below 30, physical exercise at least once a week, and a healthy diet. A favorable lifestyle score was defined as following three or four of these health factors, intermediate was two factors and unfavorable was one or no healthy factors.

基於四種生活方式因素：目前不抽菸、身體質量指數低於30、每週至少鍛鍊一次和健康的飲食，該研究團隊也會給出受試者的生活方式評分。生活方式評分良好需遵循3—4種健康因素，中等評分爲2種因素，不及格則爲一種或零種因素。

Across all three of the prospective studies, the researchers saw that a higher genetic risk score significantly increased the risk of heart disease, by as much as 90 percent in those at the highest risk. Risk factors such as a family history and a high level of LDL cholesterol were also associated with an elevated genetic risk score, although it was genetic risk that was the most powerful contributor to an increased probability of heart attack.

在所有這三項前瞻性研究中，研究員們發現更高的遺傳性風險評分會在很大程度上增加心臟病患病風險，遺傳性風險最高的受試者增加心臟病患病的風險率高達90%。家族史和高水平的低密度脂蛋白膽固醇等風險因素也與風險遺傳評分過高相關，儘管遺傳因素是心臟病患病風險增加的最主要因素。

However the team also found that each healthy lifestyle factor reduced risk of heart disease, with the results showing that following a favorable lifestyle could reduce the incidence of coronary events by 50 percent, even in those with the highest genetic risk scores. And among the participants in the BioImage study, which looked at the levels of atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries, healthy lifestyle factors were associated with less extensive plaque in each genetic risk group.

然而，該團隊還發現每一種健康的生活方式因素都能降低心臟病患病風險，研究結果表明生活方式健康可降低50%的冠狀動脈病發率，即使對那些有着最高遺傳風險評分的人來說也是如此。生物圖像研究觀察在冠狀動脈中動脈粥樣硬化的斑塊水平，對於該研究的受試者而言，健康的生活方式可降低每一遺傳風險小組的斑塊程度。