雅思閱讀機經人類與機器人

大家在備考雅思閱讀的時候可以多參考一些機經，讓大家對雅思閱讀的考試內容和形式有一個大致瞭解，下面小編給大家帶來雅思閱讀機經人類與機器人，希望對你們有所幫助。

雅思閱讀機經真題解析：人類與機器人

Man or Machine

ADuring July 2003, the Museum of Science in Cambridge, Massachusetts exhibited what Honda calls 'the world's most advanced humanoid robot', AS1MO (the Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility). Honda's brainchild is on tour in North America and delighting audiences wherever it goes. After 17 years in the making, ASIMO stands at four feet tall, weighs around 115 pounds and looks like a child in an astronaut's suit. Though it is difficult to see ASIMO's face at a distance, on closer inspection it has a smile and two large eyes' that conceal cameras. The robot cannot work autonomously - its actions are 'remote controlled' by scientists through the computer in its backpack. Yet watching ASMIO perform at a show in Massachusetts it seemed uncannily human. The audience cheered as ASIMO walked forwards and backwards, side to side and up and downstairs. After the show, a number of people told me that they would like robots to play more of a role in daily life - one even said that the robot would be like 'another person'.

BWhile the Japanese have made huge strides in solving some of the engineering problems of human kinetics (n.動力學) and bipedal (adj. 兩足動物的)movements, for the past 10 years scientists at MIT's former Artificial Intelligence (Al) lab (recently renamed the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, CSAIL) have been making robots that can behave like humans and interact with humans. One of MITs robots, Kismet, is an anthropomorphic (adj.擬人的) head and has two eyes (complete with eyelids), ears, a mouth, and eyebrows. It has several facial expressions, including happy, sad, frightened and disgusted. Human interlocutors are able to read some of the robot's facial expressions, and often change their behavior towards the machine as a result - for example, playing with it when it appears ‘sad’. Kismet is now in MIT’s museum, but the ideas developed here continue to be explored in new robots.

CCog (short for Cognition) is another pioneering project from MIT’s former AI lab. Cog has a head, eyes, two arms, hands and a torso (n.軀幹) - and its proportions were originally measured from the body of a researcher in the lab. The work on Cog has been used to test theories of embodiment and developmental robotics, particularly getting a robot to develop intelligence by responding to its environment via sensors, and to learn through these types of interactions.

DMIT is getting furthest down the road to creating human-like and interactive robots. Some scientists argue that ASIMO is a great engineering feat but not an intelligent machine - because it is unable to interact autonomously with unpredictabilities in its environment in meaningful ways, and learn from experience. Robots like Cog and Kismet and new robots at MIT’s CSAIL and media lab, however, are beginning to do this.

EThese are exciting developments. Creating a machine that can walk, make gestures and learn from its environment is an amazing achievement. And watch this space: these achievements are likely rapidly to be improved upon. Humanoid robots could have a plethora of uses in society, helping to free people from everyday tasks. In japan, for example, there is an aim to create robots that can do the tasks similar to an average human, and also act in more sophisticated situations as firefighters, astronauts or medical assistants to the elderly in the workplace and in homes – partly in order to counterbalance the effects of an ageing population.

FSuch robots say much about the way in which we view humanity, and they bring out the best and worst of us. On one hand, these developments express human creativity - our ability to invent, experiment, and to extend our control over the world. On the other hand, the aim to create a robot like a human being is spurred on by dehumanized ideas - by the sense that human companionship can be substituted by machines; that humans lose their humanity when they interact with technology; or that we are little more than surface and ritual behaviors, that can be simulated with metal and electrical circuits.

Questions 1-6

Reading passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.

NB you may use any letter more than once

1 different ways of using robots

2 a robot whose body has the same proportion as that of an adult

3 the fact that human can be copied and replaced by robots

4 a comparison between ASIMO from Honda and other robots

5 the pros and cons of creating robots

6 a robot that has eyebrows

Questions 7-13

Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage 1, using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 7-13 on your answer sheet.

In 2003, Massachusetts displayed a robot named ASIMO which was invented by Honda, after a period of 7 in the making. The operating information is stored in the computer in its 8 so that scientists can control ASIMO's movement. While Japan is making great progress, MIT is developing robots that are human-like and can 9 humans. What is special about Kismet is that it has different 10 which can be read by human interlocutors. 11 is another robot from MIT, whose body's proportion is the same as an adult. By responding to the surroundings through 12 ,it could develop its 13 .

文章題目 ：Man or Machine

篇章結構

體裁議論文

題目是人還是機器

結構A. ASMID研製成功並向公衆展示的社會影響

B. CSAIL一直致力於研製擬人機器人

C. Cog是有着和人來一樣的比例的機器人

D. 在創造類人互動機器人方面, MIT走在前端

E. 類人機器人的發展空間

F. 創造類人機器人的利與弊

試題分析

Question 1-13

題目類型：Information in relevant paragraph

定位詞文中對應點題目解析

1Different ways E段第4句E段開頭就引出創造機器人的成就, 隨後並提出這些成就有一定的發展空間, 直到第四句說明這些類人機器人have a plethora of uses,用途多樣. 因此答案爲E

2The same proportion

tC段第2句C段第2句提到cog has a its proportions were originally measured from the body of a researcher in the lab. 表明該機器人是按照成年人人體比例創造的, 因此答案爲C

3Copied replacedF段第3句F段第三句the aim to the sense be substituted..., that can be simulated 都表示人類可被機器等取代.因此答案爲F

4Comparison

ASIMO... Pther robotsD段第2,3句D段第2句指出ASIMO not an intelligent machine,because it is unable n from experience.第3句又表明robots ver, are beginning to do this. 體現出其他機器人能做到ASIMO所不能做到的自發學習. 因此答案爲D

5Pros and consF段第1句F段開頭指出這些機器人證明了我們看待人性的方式, bring out the best and worst of us.這半句話體現出創造機器人的利與弊. 因此答案爲F

6eyebrowsB段倒數第4句B段倒數第四句提到one of MIT’S robots has two eyebrows. 因此答案B

Question7-13 Summary from Reading Passage

summary參考解題思路: 先跳開空格把該段通讀一遍, 瞭解大意, 發現總體是按照文章段落順序概括的. (如有所遺忘, 再看原文各段段首句, 大概知道各句在文章的相應段落)

解析: 第1句和第2句對應文章A段, 根據after a period of 7___in the making定位該段第3句, 答案爲17 years. 然後根據文章倒數第四句its action rolled by scientists its backpack.可以判斷8答案爲backpack. 該題第3, 4句對應文章B段, MIT is inventing the ability to 8___humans定位該段第2句behave like humans and interact with humans.可以判斷9答案爲interact with. 根據Kismet human interlocutors定位原文倒數第2句human interlocutors are able to read some of the robots’ facial expressions得出10答案爲facial expressions. 第5,6句對應原文C段, robot from MIT，proportion定位該段第1, 2句得出11答案爲Cog/cognition. 最後根據該段最後一句getting a robot to develop intelligence via sensors判斷12答案爲sensors, 13 答案爲intelligence.

參考翻譯：

是人還是機器

A在2003年7月，曼徹斯特的劍橋博物館陳列了Honda稱之爲“世界最先進的人性機器人”：ASIMO (即“創新移動的進步之舉)。Honda的智力產物正在北美巡迴展示，所過之處，總能令現衆開心不已。17年的辛苦製作，ASIMO高4英尺，重115磅，以小孩的形態穿着宇航服。在遠距離看不清ASIMO,近距離下ASIMO面帶微笑，兩個大眼睛包含着攝像頭。它不能自己行走，得由科學家通過機器人揹包上的電腦遠程控制。觀察ASIMO在曼徹斯特的表演，很令人驚訝，它具有人性的特徵。ASIMO走來走去的時候，上下樓梯的時候，現衆總是爆發出喝彩聲。展示過後，許多人跟我說，他們喜歡機器人在日常生活中起更大的作用——有人甚至說：機器人就像是人一樣。

B日本人大踏步地解決人類動力學和兩足動物移動的工程問題。與此同時，近十年來，MIT的前人工智能實驗室AI(現在重新命名爲電腦科學人工智能實驗室CSAIL)—直致力於研製能夠類似於人類，同時能與人互動的機器人。Kismet是MIT的擬人機器人，有一個像人一樣的頭，有兩隻眼睛(也有眼瞼)，耳朵，嘴巴，眉毛。它可以做好些面部表情，比如開心，悲傷，驚恐，討厭。與之對話，我們可以獲得機器人的些許面部表情，從而改換面對機器人的態度。比如說：當機器人表現出“悲傷”的時候，就與機器人玩耍et如今位於MIT的博物館，但這裏發展的理念將繼續在新的機器人身上被探索。

CCOG(認知cognition的縮寫)是另外一個前MIT智能實驗室的先驅項目。有頭，兩條胳膊，手臂和軀幹，其比例最早是由實驗室研究員的身體測量而來的。COG被用來檢測機器人學的體現和發展，特別是通過傳感器去發展智力反應周邊環境方面，以及通過互動類型學習方面。

D在創造類人互動機器人方面，MIT無疑走得最遠。有些科學家爭辯道：ASIMO是一個偉大的工程，但並不算是智力機器。因爲它不能自動以有意義的方式與未知情況互動，也不能從經驗中學習。COG和Kismet,以及在MIT的CSAIL媒體實驗室的新機器人卻是可以自發學習的。

E這些都是令人激動的進展。創造一個機器，能走，能做手勢，能從環境中學習，這是了不起的成就。看看這種發展空間吧：這些現有成就都還能夠很快地加以改進。類人機器人能在社會上具有廣泛的用途：把人們從日常瑣事中解放出來。舉個例子：在日本，人們想創造出精密的機器人，能夠與正常人做一樣的工作，比如說消防隊員，宇航員，工作地點和家中醫護助手，以便於部分地抵消老齡化的影響。

F這些機器人證明了我們看待人性的方式，它們也表現出了我們人類中最好的和最差的方面。一方面，這些發展表達了人類創新性，也就是我們有能力去發明，實驗，和延長對世界的控制。另一方面，創造類人機器人的目標被去個性化的理念所刺激。人類友情將讓路於機器。當人類與技術互動時，人類失去了人性。或者說，我們人類不過是表面和樓式行爲而己，能夠被鋼鐵和電路所取代。

參考答案：

Version 17203 主題 仿生小機器人

1E 2C 3F

4D 5F 6B

7 17 years 8backpack 9interact with

10 facial expressions 11Cog/Cognition 12sensors

13 intelligence

　　雅思寫作範文：高科技、機器人和人類

Intelligent machines such as robots are widely applied to take the place of human beings. Please discuss the advantages and disadvantages.

The technology of intelligent machines improves amazingly with the help of artificial intelligence. Robots, known as steel-collar workers, are widely employed in different aspects, such as marine research, space exploration and some modern assembly lines. Robots bring about advantages undoubtedly, and meanwhile, they are not as versatile as expected. (49 words)

The advantages of robots are innumerable. The employment of robots on assembly lines saves a lot of labor forces. Robots are widely used in developed countries. In Japan, one out of ten thousand workers are robots, which not only improve the working efficiency, but also enhance accuracy. That is the reason why robots are so popular in automobile industry and electronic production line. (63 words)

Another merit is that robots can take the place of human beings and work in the dangerous environment or the places not accessible for us. Human beings have extended their cognition to the outer space, where there are considerable unpredictable dangers. Robots can work in any kind of situation, no matter how awful the environment is. In hospital, robots work as professional doctors doing operation on the patients. Furthermore, robots can work around the clock, never knowing what tiredness is. (80 words)

However, the disadvantages of robots are undeniable. Firstly, all the robots and other intelligent machines are designed by human beings. What robots do is follow the instruction and pre-set programming by human beings. If there is something wrong with the electric circuit or programs, robots will become good-for-nothing machines. Besides, robots cannot work creatively when confronted with complicated situation. (59 words)

In short, robots are subsidiary to human beings. However competent they are in various kinds of field, robots will never take the place of human beings and play a decisive role in our work and life.

雅思大作文範文：機器人對於人類的未來發展的影響

題目：

Some people think that robots are very important for human's future development. Others, however, think that robots are dangerous invention that could have negative effects on society. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

一些人認爲機器人對於人類的未來發展非常重要。然而，其他人提出機器人是危險的並且對於社會有消極影響。討論雙方觀點並給出你的看法。

相似題目：

人工智能(機器人)的好壞

Intelligent machines such as robots are widely applied to take the place of human beings. Please discuss the advantages and disadvantages.

機器人好處1：提高了生產率。舉例，工業生產中的那些智能手臂和設備能自動完成搬運，組裝，焊接等工作，而且速度和準確度均大大超過人類。

機器人好處2： 能代替人在危險環境中工作。舉例，在深海和外太空的探險中，人類的肉體無法承受那些壓力和溫度，但是機器人可以。

機器人的壞處：機器人是被設計和編程的，無法承擔那些創造性的工作。舉例，如果它們的程序被修改的話，難保它們不作出對於人類有害的事情。

　同類題目：

　2010-3-20

Lately, more and more work has to be done by machines. To what extent do you think the positive effects of this development outweigh the negative effects on individuals and society?

現在越來越多的工作可以用機器取代人力。你是否認爲這個現象對個人和社會的積極影響超過消極影響?

　2013-8-29

Some scientists think it is very soon that computers will be more intelligent than human. Some people think it is a positive development, while others think it is a negative development. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

一些科學家認爲不久電腦就會比人類更具智能。一些人認爲這是積極的現象，而其他人則認爲這會對我們的社會有負面影響。討論雙邊觀點並給出你的看法。

　8分：

(相似題目)

機器人好處1：提高了生產率。舉例，工業生產中的那些智能手臂和設備能自動完成搬運，組裝，焊接等工作，而且速度和準確度均大大超過人類。

機器人好處2： 能代替人在危險環境中工作。舉例，在深海和外太空的探險中，人類的肉體無法承受那些壓力和溫度，但是機器人可以。

機器人的壞處：機器人是被設計和編程的，無法承擔那些創造性的工作。舉例，如果它們的程序被修改的話，難保它們不作出對於人類有害的事情。

Robots, known as steel-collar workers, are widely employed in different aspects, such as marine research, space exploration and some modern assembly lines. These Intelligent machines bring about advantages undoubtedly, and meanwhile, they are not as versatile as expected.

Publicly speaking, the merits brought by robots are too obvious to ignore. Firstly, the employment of robots on industry improves the productivity. For example, during manufacturing, smart machines managed by computers can fulfill those repetitive tasks like transferring, assembling and welding, with a much higher speed and accuracy than human. Furthermore, robots can work around the clock, never knowing what tiredness is.

Secondly, robots can take the place of human beings and work in the dangerous environment or the places not accessible for us. Human beings have extended their cognition to the deep ocean and outer space, where there are considerable unpredictable dangers. Robots can work in any kind of situation, no matter how awful the environment is.

However, the disadvantages of robots are undeniable. Firstly, all the robots and other intelligent machines are designed by human beings. What robots do is follow the instruction and pre-set programming by human beings. If there is something wrong with the electric circuit or programs, robots will become good-for-nothing machines. Besides, robots cannot work creatively when confronted with complicated situation.

In short, robots are subsidiary to human beings. However competent they are in various kinds of field, robots will never take the place of human beings and play a decisive role in our work and life.

　6.5分：

使用機器人的好處1：機器人能夠爲人類從事一些危險的和重複的工作，可以節約人力。比如日本企業對機器人的使用與日俱增，越來越多的自動化機器取代了人力。

使用機器人的好處2：在辦公室和家裏，機器人能夠幫助人們完成各種各樣的任務，這樣人們可以享受的休閒時間會更多。

使用機器人的壞處1：機器人的普及會使某些人失業。

使用機器人的壞處2：更糟糕的是，對於機器人的縱容會使它們成爲戰爭機器。機器人戰士很有可能引起世界混亂。

使用機器人的壞處3：過多的依賴機器人會使人們喪失創造性、靈活性和主觀能動性。

The progress of high-tech is inevitable and undeniable. Currently, a heated debate springs up as to the merits and demerits of artificial intelligence, namely, robot. It is predicted that robots will step into our daily life in the near future. Some supporters think it is a blessing that life could be much easier with the availability of robots, while opponents believe it is a curse. I would like to discuss the pros and cons of mechamical person in the following essay.

譯文：高科技的進步是不可避免的也是無可否認的，現在，關於人工智能即機器人的利弊，人們談論激烈，有人預言，機器人在不久的將來會步入我們的生活，支持者認爲有了機器人生活更加便利，反對者認爲，使用機器人是災難，在下面的論文中我會討論機器人的利弊。

Seen from the advantageous aspects, a number of virtues could be gained via the use of the robots. In the first instance, robots can perform some risky and repetitive tasks for human being, which economized the labor force to be engaged in other aspects. To illustrate, Japanese industry is making increasing use of robots. With the popularity of robots, more and more automated machines have replaced human labor. In addition, the robots have entered offices, departments and houses to aid people to fulfill various tasks, as a result, people could enjoy longer leisure hours. Artificial intelligence certainly relieves human beings from heavy labors.

譯文：從積極的角度看，使用機器人可以帶來很多利好，第一點，機器人可以代替人做很多危險的重複的工作，這就節省了人力，可以從事其他方面的工作?日本工業越來越多地使用機器人就是很好的例證，隨着機器人的使用，越來越多的自動化機器代替了人力勞動。另外，機器人已經步入了辦公室，職能機關，家庭去幫助人們完成各項任務，相應地，人們可以享受到更多的休閒時光。人工智能確實使人們從繁忙的勞動中解脫出來。

However, under no circumstances could we ignore the downsides brought about by robots. For a start, the popularity of robots may take the bread out of some people’s mouths. A danger arises upon use of mechanical person , the more workers will be unemployed and the lower our living standard will become. Even worse, being lenient in robots will make them become war-machines in the world. It has a high probability that robot soldiers will arouse chaos just like what is shown in the science fiction movies. Lastly, too much reliance on robots will contribute to people’s deteriorating creativity, flexibility and self-motivation.

譯文：然而，任何情況下不能忽視機器人帶來的不良影響，第一，機器人的普及會使得一些人失業，使用機器人的危險是，失業的人越多，人們的生活水平越低。更糟糕的是，對於機器人的縱容會使得它們淪爲戰爭機器，很有可能，機器人戰士會引發人間戰亂，正如很多科幻電影展示的那樣，最後，多度依賴機器人會導致人的創造力，靈活性以及主動性的下降。

In the final analysis, mechanical person has both positive and negative effects. As for the potential demerits of robots, moral guidelines and law restrictions should be set up to guide all kinds of human activities to prevent misdeeds of human beings.(327)

總之，機器人的影響是有利有弊，對於潛在的弊端，需要更多的道德指導以及法律約束去指導人們的行爲以阻止人類的犯罪行爲。

　6分：

使用機器人的好處1：機器人可以在一些危險的環境中工作，比如在醫院或者核電站處理放射性物質。

使用機器人的好處2：機器人更適合做一些重複無聊的工作。比如在流水線上工人有可能由於粗心造成事故和機器故障，而機器人可以連續不斷地工作，而且可靠性和精確度也很高。

使用機器人的壞處1：使用機器人會造成失業。由於企業引進機器人，成千上百的人會失去工作，被迫做出改變。

Thanks to rapid development in artificial intelligence, robot technology has developed to the point that robots can lift heavy objects, do precise assembly line work and even guide a machining operation. Robots are being used in industries for achieving advantages which would not be possible with human beings.

Robots are feasible substitutions in surroundings which are unsafe for the employment of human labor. They can be used effectively in environments where handling of radioactive materials is involved, such as in hospitals or nuclear power plants. Another benefit lies in the fact that robots are more suitable for performing boring and repetitive work than human workers. On an assembly line where tasks are cyclic and monotonous, operators tend to be careless, which would increase the possibility of accidents and malfunctions of machines. By contrast, robots have the ability to work continuously with high reliability and precision.

On the other hand, the widespread use of robots may inevitably carry certain negative effects. One possible risk is that they would cause unemployment. Because of the adoption of industrial robots, thousands of workers are put out of their old jobs and forced to make changes in their work. However, robots are primarily used in industries to free workers from boring, dangerous and heavy work, rather than replacing human labor. Moreover, robot technology itself will also create jobs, such as robot technicians, salesmen, engineers, programmers and supervisors.

My view is that robots will become an indispensable part of the technology-dominated age. If used correctly, they can serve as efficient servants and make our future lives more fantastic. (262 words)

以上就是關於雅思大作文範文：機器人對於人類的未來發展的影響 的詳細內容，希望大家能從中受益，不斷改進自己的備考方法提升備考效率，從而獲得滿意的成績。更多備考信息請登錄聚培訓考試網站或撥打聚培訓考試熱線諮詢，祝大家都能早日夢圓名校。

雅思機經

雅思機經是對考試題目的回憶總結，按照雅思的考試科目又分爲口語機經，閱讀機經，寫作機經，聽力機經。

雅思機經能夠幫助考生了解雅思考試試題的形式和內容，對於考生來說是一份非常珍貴的備考資料。但值得注意的是，雅思官方只發布過雅思官方考試指南OG和劍雅真題系列資料，並沒有發佈過所謂的機經題庫，因此現在市面上流傳的機經內容並非完全正確，考生在參考時也需要慎重不能完全依賴此類內容。