用四個步驟拿下雅思英語寫作

大部分中國烤鴨在準備雅思寫作詞彙部分的時候無疑會遇見兩個問題：一是背了很多單詞用不出來，二是如何用詞會得分。在本文中，將從四個步驟來分析雅思寫作詞彙部分的應用方式，爲廣大烤鴨們解決這一難題。

　　1. 常用詞或短語的高分替換

整個雅思考試的主線很大程度上都是圍繞詞彙的替換來進行的，聽說讀寫四門科目都有涉獵到這個要求。那麼如何做到詞彙的不重複呢，積累一些高頻的替換詞以及詞組是考生在備考過程中的一個必經之路。我們可以先看看雅思寫作範文裏面的一段話：

In modern society, juvenile delinquency has been soaring in some major cities, the main reason for which, I suppose, is that teenagers nowadays are very likely to be spoiled by their parents. Besides, young people frequently exposed to violence in the mass media are more likely to commit a crime. Finally, the impact from their peers cannot be ignored since youngsters have not developed a sound system of judging what is right and what is wrong.

在論述青少年犯罪的這道題目中，劃線部分對青少年的同義詞轉換就用了四次，來做到詞彙儘量避免重複的要求。我們還可以通過以下幾個例子來熟悉這個方法：

Eg1: Many companies nowadays use modern communication technology to hold meetings. 在這句話中，劃線部分use我們就可以用詞組take advantage of來達到替換的效果。

Eg2: When making a decision, people will consider many factors.

同樣地，看到consider這個詞，馬上可以想到take into account/consideration的替換結構。

Eg3: The government should try to make public transportation better.

The authorities are supposed to make great efforts to improve public transportation. 這句話中的替換結構就比較多，從government到authorities, 從should到be supposed to, 從try to do到make great efforts to, 最後從make sth better到improve的替換，都是一些常用的替換結構。

Eg4: Poor students in countryside cannot get good education.

Impoverished students in rural areas cannot afford a decent education.

這個句子中也對poor, countryside, get, good進行了同義詞的轉換。所以說，如何做到減少重複性，積累一些基本的替換結構是非常必要的，不僅潤色語言，而且詞彙也不會顯得太單一。

　　2. 精彩合成詞

雅思寫作中的合成詞功力非常大，不僅是考試的一個加分亮點，也可使語言表達更加言簡意賅。所以，積累一些合成詞也是詞彙得分的一大法寶。比如我們在表達playing computers is a waste of time的時候，浪費時間這個詞就可以用time-consuming這個合成詞來表達。同樣地，在環境類考題中，如果想表示節約能源，簡單地可以用save energy來表達，如果換成合成詞，用energy-saving效果更佳，在此基礎上，把節約的save換成conserve就更完美了，節約能源就可以表達爲energy-conserving。常見的合成詞還有以下幾個：

densely-populated region 人口密集的地區

long-term effect 長期影響

exam-oriented education 應試教育

cross-culture communication 跨文化交流

這樣的合成詞在考試裏面的應用還有很多，烤鴨們應做好平時各個話題的積累工作。

　　3. 副詞的妙用

副詞的妙用使得含義表達得準確而精煉。使用副詞可以讓表達不會太中文化。我們先看以下幾個例句中的副詞使用：

Eg1: Taking physical exercise is beneficial for our physical and mental health.

Taking physical exercise is physically and mentally beneficial for health.

Eg2: The popularization of cross-nation tourism can improve the economy.

The popularization of cross-nation tourism can be economically beneficial.

Eg3: Using fertilizer is unfit for the preservation of ecological environment.

Using fertilizer is ecologically unfit for the preservation of environment.

Eg4: Governments should give financial support to those kids from a poverty-stricken family.

Governments should be financially supportive to those kids from a poverty-stricken family.

通過對比以上劃線部分，可以看出，使用副詞不僅可以避免一定程度上的重複，也可以讓語言更加地道，基本技巧就是將句子的名詞變成動詞或者形容詞，來達到被副詞修飾的效果。還值得注意的是在副詞的使用過程中，少用very, 多用準確的搭配。例如：

Eg1: The shipping container transformed ocean shipping into a highly efficient, intensively competitive business.

Eg2: They still heavily rely on nature to provide food and clothing.

　　4. 詞性轉換

在雅思寫作中，通過詞性轉變來更加靈活地表達常常能達到意想不到的結果。這在小作文中十分常見，如peak at(達到最高點)，bottom out at(達到最低點)，level off(保持水平)，skyrocket(急劇上升)等。例如：

Eg1: Taking an unpaid work enables young people to adapt to the society better.

Taking an unpaid work can strengthen young people’s adaptability.

Eg2: Interactions between team members can not only improve interpersonal skills but also make individuals more accountable.

Interactions between team members can not only improve interpersonal skills but also cultivate individual accountability.

詞性轉換一般是名詞和動詞的互換、形容詞和副詞的互換比較多，也是讓單詞更豐富的有效方法之一。

總之，詞彙部分是雅思作文得高分的重要部分，考生們在積累詞彙之後更重要的是學會如何精準的應用，注意語境和考點的差異，切忌詞彙的濫用和誤用。