警惕：日看電視三小時，早死風險翻一倍
Watching TV for three hours a day can be deadly – doubling your risk of dying early, warn researchers.
研究人員警示大家：每天看電視三小時是有致命傷害的——讓早死的風險提高一倍。
A new study from Spain adds to evidence that time spent in front of the box is potentially life-threatening.
來自西班牙的一項新的研究發現也符合這一論點：看電視的時間是有潛在生命威脅的。
Researchers believe too much sitting – as opposed to insufficient activity – may be a new risk factor for premature death and illness such as diabetes and heart disease.
研究人員認爲久坐——和運動不足不同——可能會是早死和諸如糖尿病、心臟病等疾病的風險因素。
Professor Miguel Martinez-Gonzalez, chair of the Department of Public Health at the University of Navarra in Pamplona, who led the study, said ‘Television viewing is a major sedentary behaviour and there is an increasing trend toward all types of sedentary behaviours.
米格爾·馬丁內斯－岡薩雷斯教授，現任位於西班牙潘普洛納市的納瓦拉大學公共健康學院主席，領導了這項研究。他講道，“看電視是項主要的久坐行爲，且現在各種形式的久坐行爲都開始增加了。”
‘Our findings are consistent with a range of previous studies where time spent watching television was linked to mortality.’
“我們的發現和一系列之前的研究發現相符，看電視和死亡率有關。”
Researchers assessed 13,284 young and healthy Spanish university graduates, average age 37, to investigate possible links between three types of sedentary behaviour and risk of death: television viewing time, computer time and driving time.
研究小組調研了13284名健康年輕西班牙大學畢業生， 平均年齡爲37歲，以此研究三種久坐行爲：看電視時間、用電腦時間和開車時間與死亡風險的關係。
The participants were followed for around eight years, when there were 97 deaths, including 19 deaths from cardiovascular causes, 46 from cancer and 32 from other causes.
調研對象被追蹤了大約8年，期間97人死亡，其中19人死於心血管病46人死於癌症，32人因其他原因死亡。
The risk of premature death was twofold higher for those watching three or more hours of TV a day compared to those watching one hour or less.
每天看電視3小時及以上的人，其早死風險比看電視不超過1小時者高出一倍。
This twofold higher risk was also apparent after accounting for many other variables related to a higher risk of death, says a report published in the Journal of the American Heart Association.
《美國心臟學會期刊》發表的一篇報告顯示，在考慮了很多其他增加死亡風險的因素後，看電視3小時及以上加倍早死風險這一論點仍然顯而易見。
Researchers found no significant association between the time spent using a computer or driving and higher risk of premature death from all causes.
研究人員發現，用電腦和開車的時間與早死風險之間未見明顯關聯。
Researchers said further studies are needed to determine the biological mechanisms that may be involved.
研究人員表明，尚需更多研究以確認用電腦和開車背後的生物學機制。
Prof Martinez-Gonzalez said ‘As the population ages, sedentary behaviours will become more prevalent, especially watching television, and this poses an additional burden on the increased health problems related to aging.
馬丁內斯－岡薩雷斯教授講道，隨着人口老齡化，久坐行爲日益普遍，尤其是看電視。人日漸衰老後健康問題會增多，而看電視造成了“額外的健康負擔”。
‘Our findings suggest adults may consider increasing their physical activity, avoid long sedentary periods, and reduce television watching to no longer than one to two hours each day’ he added.
“根據研究發現，建議成年人多運動，少久坐，每天看電視的時間控制在一到兩小時內。”他補充道。
In the UK, the average amount of time spent watching TV is four hours a day compared with five hours in the US.
在英國，人們每天看電視的平均時間是4小時，美國是5小時。
Previous research found people who watch six hours of TV a day cut short their lifespan by five years compared with someone who watches no TV.
先前研究發現，和不看電視的人相比，每天看6小時電視的人壽命會減少5年。
People who sit for longer have bigger waist sizes, and higher levels of cholesterol, blood sugar and triglycerides.
久坐的人，腰圍更大，膽固醇、血糖和甘油三酯的含量也更高。
The average adult spends 90 per cent of their leisure time sitting down and less than half of adults meet World Health Organisation physical activity recommendations.
成人平均90%的空閒時間都是坐着的，且做到“世界健康組織”身體運動推薦的不到一半。
In the UK, adults are urged to do 150 minutes of activity a week to promote health.
英國鼓勵成人每星期做150分鐘的運動以增進健康。
Other work suggests sedentary behaviour is linked to obesity, high levels of bad blood fats and other heart disease risk factors, and more opportunities for grazing on junk foods.
其他研究顯示久坐會導致肥胖 ，壞血脂指數提高，罹患其他心臟疾病的風險增加，還會讓人攝入更多垃圾食品。
US research earlier this year found young men who watch TV for just three hours a day have half the sperm count of men who rarely watch TV.
美國今年初的研究顯示，年輕男子每天看電視超過3小時的，和很少看電視的相比，精子數量會少一半。
