z研究顯示 維生素D可預防感冒和流感

Vitamin D supplements could spare more than three million people from colds or flu in the UK each year, researchers claim.
研究人員聲稱，維生素D的額外攝入每年可預防英國超過三百萬人患上感冒或流感。

The sunshine vitamin is vital for healthy bones, but also has a role in the immune system.
這種可以靠陽光補充的維生素對骨骼的健康發展有至關重要的作用，但同時也參與免疫系統的工作。

The analysis, published in the British Medical Journal, argues food should be fortified with the vitamin.
根據《英國醫學雜誌》的統計結果表明，食物中應該富含維生素。

But Public Health England (PHE) says the infections data is not conclusive, although it does recommend supplements.
雖然英國公共衛生局也承認營養補給的重要性，但他們認爲傳染病的統計數據並不能起決定性作用。

These, it says, should be taken for improved bone and muscle health.
該衛生局表示，人類需要補充這些營養來增強骨骼和肌肉的健康。

The immune system uses vitamin D to make antimicrobial weapons that puncture holes in bacteria and viruses.
免疫系統可以利用維生素D作爲殺菌劑，用於殺死人體內的細菌和病毒。

But as vitamin D is made in the skin while out in the sun, many people have low levels during winter.
但是，當皮膚暴露在陽光下時，人體內會合成維生素D，許多人在冬天時體內維生素D的水平較低。

Trials on using supplements to prevent infections have given mixed results, so the researchers pooled data on 11,321 people from 25 separate trials to try to get a definitive answer.
嘗試通過補充營養來預防傳染病會產生各種各樣的效果，因此研究人員在11321人身上做了25組獨立試驗，試圖得出一個普遍而確定的結論。

The team at Queen Mary University of London (QMUL) looked at respiratory tract infections - which covers a wide range of illnesses from a sniffle to flu to pneumonia.
倫敦瑪麗女王大學的研究小組把目光投向呼吸道感染病，其中廣泛地包括從普通感冒到肺炎等的疾病。

Overall, the study said one person would be spared infection for every 33 taking vitamin D supplements.
最終結果表明，在每33個補充維生素D的個體中，就有1個可以有效預防傳染病。

That is more effective than flu vaccination, which needs to treat 40 to prevent one case, although flu is far more serious than the common cold.
這比打流感預防疫苗都有效，疫苗在每40個個體中才會有1個個體見效，即使流感比普通感冒要嚴重得多。

There were greater benefits for those taking pills daily or weekly, rather than in monthly super-doses.
相比較每月吃一次和過量攝入維生素D片的人來說，每天或每週吃一次維生素D片的人會獲益更多。