雙語暢銷書《艾倫圖靈傳》第3章:思考什麼是思考(88)
The word 'computer' here meant only what that word meant in 1936: a person doing calculations.
Elsewhere in the paper he appealed to the idea that 'the human memory is necessarily limited,' but this was as far as he went in a discussion of the nature of the human mind.
這篇文章還提出，人類的記憶能力必定是有限的，甚至還討論了一點人類大腦的本質。It was a bold act of imagination, a brave suggestion that 'states of mind' could be counted, on which to base his argument.
他假設思維狀態是可數的，以此作爲論證的基礎，這是一個非常大膽的想象。
It was especially noteworthy because in quantum mechanics, physical states could be 'arbitrarily close'.
應該尤其注意這一點，因爲根據量子力學，物質的狀態確實可以無限地相疊。He continued with his discussion of the human computer:
他繼續討論他的計算者：Let us imagine the operations performed by the computer to be split up into 'simple operations' which are so elementary that it is not easy to imagine them further divided.
我們想象一下，把計算者進行的運算，分成若干不可再分的基本操作。Every such operation consists of some change in the physical system consisting of the computer and his tape.
每一個這樣的操作，都可以看成是計算者和紙帶的一組物理變化。We know the state of the system if we know the sequence of symbols on the tape, which of these are observed by the computer (possibly with a special order), and the state of mind of the computer.
只要我們知道計算者從紙帶上依次看到的符號序列（也許是以某種特殊順序），以及計算者的思維狀態，我們就能知道這個系統的狀態。We may suppose that in a simple operation not more than one symbol is altered.
我們假設，一個基本操作，最多隻能改寫一個符號，Any other changes can be split up into simple changes of this kind.
如果需要改寫多個，可以分解成多個基本操作。The situation in regard to the squares whose symbols may be altered in this way is the same as in regard to the observed squares.
可改寫的方格，與視線正在看方格，需要滿足的條件是一樣的。We may, therefore, without loss of generality, assume that the squares whose symbols are changed are always 'observed' squares.
我們可以不失一般性地假設，可改寫的方格，必須是正在看的。Besides these changes of symbols, the simple operations must include changes of distribution of observed squares.
除了改寫符號，基本操作還包括轉移視線。The new observed squares must be immediately recognisable by the computer.
一下步要看的方格，必須是視線可及的。I think it is reasonable to suppose that they can only be squares whose distance from the closest of the immediately previously observed squares does not exceed a certain fixed amount.
我認爲可以做一個合理的假設，與視線正在看的方格，不超過一定距離的方格，纔是視線可及的。Let us say that each of the new observed squares is within L squares of an immediately previously observed square.
不妨設爲，視線可及的方格，就是與正在看的方格距離小於L的方格。In connection with 'immediate recognisability', it may be thought that there are other kinds of square which are immediately recognisable.
說到視線可及，也許有人會說，還有其它一些方格也是視線可及的。
