雙語暢銷書《艾倫圖靈傳》第8章:面朝大海(280)

In the Mind article he had made it clear that he saw his model as one capable of absorbing all human communication, and this again reflected the positivist belief that science could elucidate human behaviour as it had already triumphed in the fields of physics and chemistry.

在發表於《心靈》的那篇論文中，圖靈明確指出，他認爲他的模型概括了所有的人類交流行爲，這再次反映了他的實證主義信仰：如同物理和化學領域的成功那樣，科學將會解釋人類自身的行爲。

The weak points of his argument were essentially the weaknesses of the analytical scientific method when applied to the discussion of human beings.

因此，圖靈的缺陷本質上就是，他把自然科學的分析方法，應用到了人類社會。

Concepts of objective truth that worked so well for the prime numbers could not so straightforwardly be applied by scientists to other people.

所謂"客觀事實"，也許在研究質數時很有用處，但卻不能簡單地用它來研究人類。

As he himself explained in introducing the central morphogenetic idea, any kind of simplification was inevitably a falsification.

圖靈在提出關於形態學的想法時，曾經說過這樣一句話：任何一種"簡化"，都是某種程度上的欺騙。

If this was true in a discussion of the development of cells, it was all the more apposite a comment in respect of the development of human beings, whether of their 'intelligence' or of their yearning for communication, experience, and love.

如果說這句話在關於細胞的研究中是成立的，那麼在關於人類的研究中，這句話就更加正確了。

When science used human words about human beings, could it actually separate the 'data' from the 'instructions' of society? Could it 'observe' or 'experiment', or formulate a 'problem', independently of social institutions? Could its assessment of importance and significance of facts, however honestly noted, do other than reflect the imperatives of the dominant ideology?

科學能否把社會抽象成數據和指令？科學能否脫離社會體制，通過獨立地觀察、實驗、方程來解決社會問題？無論科學多麼尊重事實，它能否違背統治階級的意願？

In the life sciences, the borderline between the spirit of truth and the esprit de corps was not as clear as it might seem in physics and chemistry. And this difficulty, that of separating fact from act, was very close to the weakness of his arguments for machine 'intelligence'.

在這樣的"科學"中，真理和人性的界線，遠遠不像物理和化學那樣清晰，這些問題都是圖靈的機器智能所存在的缺陷。

This was a super-Godelian problem, concerning the capacity of scientific language to jump outside the society in which it was embodied, and a problem to which Alan Turing's mind was not attuned.

這是個超哥德爾式的問題，其本質在於，科學能否跳到承載它的這個社會之外，圖靈沒有能力解決這個問題。

Nor indeed, was the scientific mind of his time.

事實上，在他的那個時代，任何人都無法解決這個問題。