中英雙語話史記 第57期:諸葛亮北伐

Zhuge Liang’s Northern Expeditions

諸葛亮北伐

At the end of Zhuge Liang’s southern campaign, the Wu-Shu alliance came to fruition and Shu was free to move against north.

諸葛亮南征結束之時，吳國和蜀國已經結成聯軍，蜀國因此能夠抗擊北方。

In 227 Zhuge Liang transferred his main Shu armies to Hanzhong, and opened up the battle for the northwest with Wei.

227年，諸葛亮將他的主要部隊轉移至漢中，與西北部的魏國展開戰爭。

The next year, he ordered the general Zhao Yun to attack from Ji Gorge as a diversion whilst Zhuge himself led the main force to Qishan.

一年後，他命大將趙雲從冀俠出擊以分散敵人的注意力，而自己則帶領主要部隊在祁山。

The vanguard Ma Su, however, suffered a tactical defeat at Jieting and the Shu army was forced to withdraw.

然而，先鋒軍馬謖在街亭被敵人用戰術擊敗，蜀軍被迫撤回。

In the next six years Zhuge Liang attempted several more offensives, but supply problems limited the capacity for success.

在接下來的六年裏，諸葛亮開展了多次攻擊，但是供給問題限制了成功的可能性。

In 234 he led his last great northern offensive, reaching the Battle of Wuzhang Plains, south of the Wei River.

234年，他領導了最後一次北伐，在渭河北部的五丈原展開戰鬥。

Due to the death of Zhuge Liang (234 AD), however, the Shu army was forced once again to withdraw.

因爲諸葛亮在同年去世，蜀國部隊再一次被迫撤軍。

Zhuge Liang had five attempts in the north， only one of which succeeded (Tianshui) where he gained Jiang Wei after a successful defection plot.

諸葛亮曾五次北伐，只有一次獲得了勝利（於天水），在一場成功的陰謀叛變之後諸葛亮收復了姜維。

Zhuge Liang’s other attempts included Chencang， Mt. Qi, Jieting (supply campaign) and the Wuzhang Plains.

諸葛亮的其他出戰包括陳倉、祁山、街亭（供給作戰）以及五丈原之役。

There were also some other minor attempts to the north but they were considered as minor battles that had no major outcomes.

還有一些小戰鬥因爲沒有取得重要的成果而被認爲是次要的。

After the death of Zhuge Liang, his assistant Jiang Wan took over.

諸葛亮病逝後，他的副將蔣琬取而代之。