中英雙語話史記 第7期:河姆渡文化

The Hemudu Culture

河姆渡文化

The Hemudu culture (5000 BC to 4500 BC) was a Neolithic culture that flourished just south of the Hangzhou Bay in Jiangnan in modern Yuyao, Zhejiang, China.

河姆渡文化（公元前5000年——公元前4500年）興起於江南杭州灣的南部，也就是今天的中國浙江省餘姚市。

The site at Hemudu was discovered in 1973.

河姆渡遺址與1973年被發現。

Hemudu sites were also discovered on the islands of Zhoushan.

河姆渡文化同樣在舟山羣島被發現。

The Hemudu culture co-existed with the Majiabang culture as two separate and distinct cultures, with cultural transmissions between the two.

河姆渡文化與馬家浜文化以兩種分離且不同的文化共存並互相交流。

Two major floods caused the nearby Yaojiang River to change its course and inundated the soil with salt, forcing the people of Hemudu to abandon its settlements.

兩次大洪水使附近的姚江河改變了它的河道，土地被鹽淹沒，迫使河姆渡人民放棄他們的居住。

The Hemudu people lived in long, stilt houses.

河姆渡人住在又長又高的支柱支撐的房子裏。

The Hemudu culture is one of the earliest cultures to cultivate rice.

河姆渡文化是最早種植水稻的文化之一。

Most of the artifacts discovered at Hemudu consist of animal bones, exemplified by hoes made of shoulder bones used for cultivating rice.

大多數在河姆渡被發現的手工藝品由骨頭組成，例如用於種植水稻的由肩骨製成的鋤頭。

The culture also produced lacquer wood.

這個文化同樣製造漆木。

The remains of various plants, including water caltrop, Nelumbo nucifera, acorns, beans, Gorgon euryale and brottle gourd, were found at Hemudu.

無數植物的遺蹟，包括菱角、荷花、橡樹果實、豆子、芡實和葫蘆在河姆渡被發現。

The Hemudu people likeed domesticated pigs, water buffalo and dogs.

河姆渡人喜歡家養的豬、水牛和狗。

The people at Hemudu also fished and hunted, as evidence by the remains of bone harpoons and bows and arrowheads.

從骨叉、弓和箭頭的遺蹟看來，河姆渡人也會捕魚和打獵。

Music instruments, such as bone whistles and wooden drums, were also found at Hemudu.

一些樂器例如骨哨和木鼓同樣在河姆渡被發現.

The culture produced a thick, porous pottery.

這種文化製造了一種厚的、有孔能滲水的陶器。

The distinct pottery was typically black and made with charcoal powder.

這種獨特的陶器呈深黑色，由木炭粉製成。

Plant and geometric designs were commonly painted onto the pottery; the pottery was sometimes also cord-marked.

通常，植物和幾何的圖案會被繪製到陶器上。有些時候，陶器也會被繩索標記。

The culture also produced carved jade ornaments, carved ivory artifacts and small, clay figurines.