MBA畢業生的三級跳 MBA by numbers: US students the least globally mobile

When it comes to travelling around Europe, young Americans can attack their itineraries with dizzying enthusiasm.

在環遊歐洲旅行時，美國年輕人可能在行程安排上表現出令人眩暈的熱情。

On a recent visit to Italy I met two young American tourists in Rome and Florence. They had allocated a day for each city and were running about armed with a to-do list. Selfie on St Peter’s Square, check. Quick look at the Colosseum, done.

在最近前往意大利時，我在羅馬和佛羅倫薩遇到了兩個年輕的美國遊客。他們爲每個城市安排了一天的行程，拿着任務清單四處奔波。在聖彼得廣場(St Peter’s Square)自拍，已辦。快速參觀羅馬競技場(Colosseum)，搞定。

This exhausting globe-trotting is not the defining characteristic of American MBA students, however, at least not when it comes to their courses and immediate post-graduation careers.

然而，這種累人的環球旅行並不是美國MBA學生的標誌性特徵，至少在課程安排和畢業後職業去向方面不是。

Those on US MBA programmes tend not to spend part of their studies or an internship abroad, or take a foreign job afterwards either. The 47 US schools in the FT’s Global MBA ranking 2016 are disproportionally found in the bottom half on both counts. Only 6 per cent of MBA students enrolled in the US studied overseas for a month or more, compared with 26 per cent at other schools. The proportion of graduates doing an internship overseas is nearly half that of non-US schools.

那些在美國讀MBA課程的畢業生往往不會在海外完成部分學業或者實習，在畢業後也不會接受海外職位。英國《金融時報》2016年全球MBA排名(Global MBA Ranking)中的47所美國院校不成比例地在兩項排名的下半部分扎堆。在美國院校入學的MBA學生中，僅有6%的人在海外學習一個月以上，而其他國家院校的這一比例爲26%。美國MBA畢業生在海外實習的比例差不多是非美國院校的一半。

North Carolina’s Kenan-Flagler Business School and Stanford Graduate School of Business in California are rare exceptions in each category, with 25 per cent and 30 per cent of graduates, respectively.

北卡羅來納州凱南-弗拉格勒商學院(Kenan-Flagler Business School)以及加州斯坦福大學商學院(Stanford Graduate School of Business)是兩項排名中難得的例外，其比例分別爲畢業生總數的25%和30%。

While a short trip to Italy is fine for some, one US graduate from the class of 2012 who took part in the FT’s 2016 MBA rankings survey had greater ambitions.

儘管去意大利短期旅行對一些人來說夠好了，但是參加2016年全球MBA排名調查的一名2012級美國MBA畢業生擁有更大的野心。

In his anonymised survey response, used in compiling our league table of schools, he said his MBA from the Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley, “was fundamental to achieving the mobility I had dreamt of: to work in Italy”.

在匿名接受的調查（用於編制FT商學院排名）中，他自稱從加州大學伯克利分校的哈斯商學院(Haas School of Business, University of California Berkeley)獲得的MBA學位“對於實現我的出國夢想——到意大利工作——具有根本的重要性”。

The Haas graduate did not only move abroad but also managed to switch career and industry sector. In short, he achieved the MBA “triple jump”. This is when graduates change country of residence, career and industry after graduating.

這位哈斯畢業生不僅遷往海外，還成功地實現了跳槽和轉行。簡言之，他實現了MBA“三級跳”——即畢業後出國、跳槽和轉行。

While “triple jumpers” do not always find it easy to make a fresh start, their broader experience means they are able to work in an increasingly global environment. “I gained the knowledge in strategy and marketing that I needed to change industries,” said one graduate from Warwick Business School.

儘管“三級跳選手”並不總能輕鬆得到全新的開端，但他們更豐富的閱歷意味着他們能夠在日益全球化的環境中工作。“我得到了改變行業所必需的策略和營銷知識，”華威商學院(Warwick Business School)的一名畢業生稱。

The first jump, switching career, is the more common achievement: 82 per cent of graduates surveyed by the FT reported that they did this successfully. “My MBA gave me the confidence to start a new career and a Swiss Army knife of skills to adapt to different challenges and corporate environments,” said one graduate from Cass Business School.

第一跳——開始全新的職業生涯——是較爲普遍的成就：在FT的調查中，82%的MBA畢業生報告稱，他們成功實現了跳槽。“我的MBA讓我有信心開啓全新的職業生涯，我有了瑞士軍刀般的全套技能，可以適應不同挑戰和企業環境，”卡斯商學院(Cass Business School)的一名畢業生稱。

When it comes to the second jump — working in a different industry — 62 per cent made a switch. The number of graduates in healthcare and retail and consumer grew by more than 60 per cent. But despite the hype about tech start-ups, the number of those employed in IT/telecoms fell by nearly 10 per cent.

對於第二跳——換到不同的行業工作——62%的MBA畢業生換了行業。在醫療、零售和消費者行業工作的畢業生人數增加了逾60%。但是，儘管圍繞科技初創企業的炒作很多，但是在IT/電信行業受僱的MBA畢業生實際上減少了近10%。

In terms of international mobility, the final jump, a third of alumni worked in a different country three years after graduation. But only 12 per cent of American graduates switched location, half of which returned to the US after their MBA. Arguably this is because the US is the world’s largest economy with more corporations providing many job opportunities. Only the students from mainland China at the universities of Fudan, Shanghai Jiao Tong and Renmin, who all work in China, are less mobile.

在人才國際化流動的問題上——終極跳——三分之一的MBA畢業生在畢業3年後在不同國家工作。但是僅有12%的美國畢業生在異國工作，其中一半人在完成MBA學業後回到了美國。可以說這是因爲美國是全球最大的經濟體，擁有較多企業和大量工作機會。只有中國內地MBA畢業生的國際流動性比美國更低，復旦大學、上海交通大學和中國人民大學MBA畢業生都在中國國內工作。

This compares with two-thirds of Italian and French graduates who moved overseas and 93 per cent of Venezuelans. The three most popular destinations are the US, the UK and Singapore.

與之相比，三分之二的意大利和法國畢業生、以及93%的委內瑞拉畢業生選擇前往海外工作。最熱門的三個目的地爲美國、英國和新加坡。

Overall, 20 per cent of MBA graduates made the triple jump. But who is the typical triple jumper? They tend to be Indian, work in the US and moved from IT/telecoms into consultancy. At the other end, 10 per cent of graduates stayed with their employer in the same country.

總體來說，20%的MBA畢業生實現了三級跳。但是，誰纔是典型的三級跳選手？他們往往是印度人，他們在美國工作，從IT/電信行業跳到諮詢行業。在另一端，10%的人畢業後仍然在原來的國家爲原來的公司效力。

An MBA may open a world of opportunities but for some there is no place like home.

MBA學位也許打開了一扇機遇世界的大門，但是對於某些人來說，哪裏都比不上故鄉。