警惕:十一種會導致疲勞的病症

Everyone gets tired now and then but if you constantly feel worn out or your tiredness is severe, it could be a sign of a more serious health problem.每個人都會時不時的感到勞累，但如果你一直感到筋疲力竭或累的很嚴重，它可能是更多嚴重的健康問題的標誌。

We reveal 11 health conditions that are known to cause fatigue.我們將揭示11種引起疲勞的健康狀況。

1 iron deficiency anaemia

1 缺鐵性貧血

Iron deficiency anaemia is one of the most common medical reasons for feeling constantly run down. Affecting around one in 20 men and post-menopausal women, it’s more common in pregnant women and those who are still having periods, especially if they are heavy.

缺鐵性貧血是最常見的感到持續無力的醫學原因之一。大約每20個男人和更年期婦女中有一個會受到影響，在孕婦和待孕的尤其是那些偏胖的人中更常見。

It can be diagnosed with a blood test. Eating iron-rich foods, such as red meat, shellfish and iron-fortified cereals, or taking iron supplements can help.

這種疾病能被血樣測試診斷。吃富含鐵的食物，例如熟肉，水生有殼動物和提高鐵營養價值的穀物，或提供鐵有助於減少疲勞。

2 chronic fatiguesyndrome

2 長期疲勞症狀

If your fatigue has lasted for six months or more and is so severe that you can’t manage daily tasks, chronic fatiguesyndrome (also known as myalgic encephalopathy or ME) could be to blame. Along with persistent, unexplained exhaustion, other symptoms include a sore throat, muscle or joint pain and headaches.

如果你的疲勞感長達六個月或更多，並且它是如此嚴重以至於你不能成功完成日常任務，長期的疲勞症狀（也被瞭解爲慢性疲勞症）應當視爲罪魁禍首。伴隨着持續的狀況，無法解釋的筋疲力盡，其它症狀包括喉嚨痛，肌肉或關節痛和頭痛。

There is no test for ME but there are clear guidelines to help doctors diagnose it. While there is no cure or medication, lifestyle changes may help.

對於慢性疲勞症無法測試，但清晰的條目有助於醫生診斷它。然而沒有藥方或藥，生活方式的改變或許會起作用。

3 gluten

3 谷蛋白

This is a type of food intolerance where the body wrongly believes gluten is attacking it, resulting in damage to the lining of the gut. For coeliacs, eating even the smallest crumb of gluten (found in things like bread, cakes and pasta) can cause tiredness along with bloating, diarrhoea, nausea, muscle pain and headaches.

這是一種身體完全不能接受的食物類型，身體錯誤的認爲是谷蛋白在襲擊它，導致腸道線的損壞。對於腹腔，吃甚至是最少量的谷蛋白碎屑（在食物中能夠發現，例如麪包，蛋糕和意大利麪）能導致疲勞伴隨着腫脹，腹瀉，作嘔，肌肉痛和頭痛。

It can be diagnosed with a blood test. There is no medication - the only treatment is to follow a strict gluten-free diet for life.

它能被血樣測試診斷。無需藥物——唯一的治療方式是在生活中遵循嚴格的無谷蛋白的飲食。

4 Sleep apnoea

4 睡眠呼吸暫停

Sleep apnoea is a condition where a person stops breathing between loud snores. These pauses in breathing happen when the airways narrow or close completely, depriving the lungs of oxygen. When the brain detects dangerously low levels of oxygen, it automatically wakes the sufferer, so they can return to normal breathing.

睡眠呼吸暫停指人在很大的鼾聲中停止呼吸的狀況。呼吸暫停的情況往往在氣流狹窄或完全關閉的情況下發生，剝奪肺部的氧氣，當大腦發現氧氣量處於危險的低水平的時候，會自動地叫醒睡着的人，因此它們會返回正常的呼吸狀態。

Most common in overweight, middle aged men, those with the condition are at increased risk of stroke, cardiovascular disease and hypertension. For many sufferers, the only sign is feeling exhausted the next day. Breathing machines worn at night, plus lifestyle changes, can help.

最常見的體重偏胖見於中年男子，伴隨着中風，心血管疾病和高血壓增加的危險。對於許多患者，唯一的標誌是第二天感到筋疲力竭。晚上戴上氧氣罩，加上改變生活方式有助於緩解這種狀況。

5 thyroid hormone

5 甲狀腺荷爾蒙

People with an underactive thyroid gland have too little thyroid hormone (thyroxine) in their body, which results in tiredness. Other symptoms include weight gain, aching muscles, depression, sensitivity to the cold and dry skin and hair.

擁有不活躍甲狀腺的人會在它們的身體中產生過少的甲狀腺荷爾蒙，導致人的疲勞。其它症狀包括體重增加，肌肉痛，抑鬱，對冷和幹皮膚和頭髮的敏感。

It’s most common in women and you’re more at risk the older you are. Your doctor can diagnose the condition with a blood test. It can be treated with daily hormone tablets.

這種狀況在女人中最常見，你的年齡越大你患病的風險越高。醫生會通過血樣測試診斷你的情況。每天吃荷爾蒙藥片能治療這種疾病。

6 diabetes

6 糖尿病

One of the main symptoms of diabetes is fatigue, along with excessive thirst and urination. Type 2 diabetes is associated with obesity and is more common in older people. Type 1 diabetes is far less common and occurs when the body's immune system attacks and destroys the cells that produce insulin. It usually occurs before the age of 40, often during teenage years.

糖尿病的主要症狀是疲勞，伴隨着極度口渴和經常性的小便。第二種類型的糖尿病和肥胖有關，在老年人中更普遍。第一種類型的糖尿病更不常見，當身體的免疫系統襲擊或摧毀細胞的時候會產生胰島素。這種情況通常在40歲之前發生，在青少年時期。

Diabetes is diagnosed with a blood test. Insulin injections and a healthy eating plan can help.

糖尿病被血樣測試診斷。胰島素注射和健康的飲食計劃有助於病情的恢復。

7 viral infection

7 病毒傳染

This common viral infection causes severe tiredness along with fever, sore throat and swollen glands. Most cases occur in teenagers and young adults. It is spread through saliva and can be passed by kissing, exposure to coughs and sneezes, or sharing things like cups.

這種普遍的病毒傳染導致了嚴重的疲勞，喉嚨痛和腫的甲狀腺。大多數案例發生在青少年和年輕的成年人中。通過唾液傳播，親吻傳遞，暴露在咳嗽和打噴嚏的人羣中，或者分享東西例如杯子。

While most symptoms tend to clear up within four to six weeks, the fatigue can last for several more months. It can be diagnosed with a physical examination and blood test. Painkillers are generally prescribed to relieve pain and reduce fever.

儘管大多數症狀傾向於在四到六週內消失，疲勞會持續更多月份。它可以通過物理檢測和血樣測試診斷。通常會開止痛藥來減輕疼痛減少發燒。

8 Depression

8 抑鬱

Depression doesn’t just make you feel sad. It can cause physical symptoms too, from aches and pains to tiredness. People with depression often feel drained of energy and find it hard to drop off to sleep or wake up during the night.

抑鬱不僅會使你感到悲傷。它也會導致物理的症狀，從疼痛到疲勞。抑鬱的人經常感到沒有力量並覺得在夜間很難入睡或醒來。

Talking therapies, lifestyle changes and medication may help.

話語治療，生活方式的改變和藥物會有幫助。

9 anxiety

9 憤怒

Like depression, anxiety can cause disturbed sleep. If you can’t remember the last time you didn’t feel anxious or your anxiety feels uncontrollable, your doctor may diagnose you with generalised anxiety disorder (or GAD). Other symptoms include restlessness, irritability and difficulty concentrating.

正如抑鬱，憤怒會導致睡眠困擾。如果你不記得最後一次你沒有感到焦慮或你的氣憤令人難以控制，你的醫生會診斷你爲廣泛性焦慮症（或GAD).其它症狀包括坐立不安，憤怒和難以集中注意力。

Again, talking therapies, lifestyle changes and medication may help.

再一次的，談話治療，改變生活方式和藥物會起作用。

10 Restless legs syndrome

10 多動腿綜合症

Restless legs syndrome is a common condition affecting the nervous system. Sufferers experience an uncomfortable feeling in their legs, often felt as a crawling or creeping sensation, which keeps them awake at night. An overwhelming urge to keep moving the legs, a deep ache, or legs that jerk spontaneously disrupts sleep and causes tiredness.

多動腿綜合症是影響神經系統的一個普遍的狀況。患者會體驗到腿部的不舒服的感覺，就像是有東西在腿上爬，會使患者在晚上痛醒。壓倒性的盡力使腿部移動，疼痛感會加重或者腿不由自主地抽搐會影響睡眠並導致疲勞。

Depending on the severity of symptoms, lifestyle changes or medication may be offered.

取決於症狀的嚴重性，改變生活方式，可能提供藥物。

11 Multiple sclerosis (MS)

11 多發性硬化症

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune condition affecting the transfer of nerve signals in the brain and spinal cord, causing a wide range of symptoms, from problems with muscle movement and balance to loss of vision (usually only in one eye) and serve tiredness.

多發性硬化症是一種自動免疫狀況，影響神經信號在大腦和脊髓的傳輸，導致了許多不同的症狀，從肌肉移動和平衡問題到視力的損失（通常只有一隻眼睛）和神經疲勞。

Diagnosing MS is complicated and may require referral to a neurologist. There is currently no cure but treatments including medication and physiotherapy may help.

治療多發性硬化症是複雜的，可能需要參考神經醫生的建議。目前無法治癒，但是治療包括藥物，理療可能起作用。