主謂一致語法講解及練習題
下面本站小編爲大家帶來主謂一致語法講解及練習題，歡迎大家學習
一.概念:
主謂一致是指：
1) 語法形式上要一致，即單複數形式與謂語要一致。
2) 意義上要一致，即主語意義上的單複數要與謂語的單複數形式一致。
3) 就近原則，即謂語動詞的單復形式取決於最靠近它的詞語，
一般來說，不可數名詞用動詞單數，可數名詞複數用動詞複數。例如：
There is much water in the thermos.
但當不可數名詞前有表示數量的複數名詞時，謂語動詞用複數形式。例如：
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
二.相關知識點精講
1.並列結構作主語時謂語用複數，例如：
Reading and writing are very important. 讀寫很重要。
注意：當主語由and連結時，如果它表示一個單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時，謂語動詞用單數，and 此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞。例如：
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 鋼鐵工業對我們的生活有重要意義。
典型例題
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案B. 注： 先從時態上考慮。這是過去發生的事情應用過去時，先排除A.，C。本題易誤選D，因爲The League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個人，但仔細辨別，monitor 前沒有the，在英語中，當一人兼數職時只在第一個職務前加定冠詞。後面的職務用and 相連。這樣本題主語爲一個人，所以應選B。
2. 主謂一致中的靠近原則
1)當there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時，謂語應與最鄰近的主語保持一致。例如：
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支筆、一把小刀和幾本書。
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十個男孩，二十三個女孩。
2)當either… or… 與neither… nor，連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引導，而主語又不止一個時，謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。例如：
Either you or she is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 給你筆、信封和紙。
3.謂語動詞與前面的主語一致
當主語有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞組成的短語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語部分一致。例如：
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教師和一些學生在參觀工廠。
He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。
4. 謂語需用單數的情況
1)代詞each以及由every, some, no, any等構成的複合代詞作主語時，或主語中含有each, every時, 謂語需用單數。例如：
Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我們每人都有錄音機。
There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表壞了。
2)當主語是一本書或一條格言時，謂語動詞常用單數。例如：
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜譚》是英語愛好者熟悉的一本書。
3)表示金錢，時間，價格或度量衡的複合名詞作主語時，通常把這些名詞看作一個整體，謂語一般用單數。例如：
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三個星期來做準備。
Ten yuan is enough. 十元夠了。
5.指代意義決定謂語的單複數
1)代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單複數由其指代的詞的單複數決定。例如：
All is right. 一切順利。
All are present. 人都到齊了。
2)集體名詞作主語時，謂語的數要根據主語的意思來決定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞後，謂語動詞用複數形式時強調這個集體中的各個成員，用單數時強調該集體的整體。例如：
His family isn't very large. 他家成員不多。
His family are music lovers. 他家個個都是音樂愛好者。
但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情況下都用複數形式。例如：
Are there any police around? 附近有警察嗎?
3)有些名詞，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時看作單數，有時看作複數。例如：
A number of +名詞複數+複數動詞。
The number of +名詞複數+單數動詞。
A number of books have lent out.
The majority of the students like English.
6.與後接名詞或代詞保持一致的情況
1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主語時，謂語動詞通常與of後面的名詞/代詞保持一致。例如：
Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的錢化在書上了。
Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分學生積極參與體育運動。
2)用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數。例如： A series of accidents has been reported. 媒體報道了一連串的事故。
A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 爐邊有一堆木柴。
3)如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的短語作主語時，謂語動詞多用單數形式。但由more than… of 作主語時，動詞應與其後的名詞或代詞保持一致。例如：
Many a person has read the novel. 許多人讀過這本書。
More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學生來自這個城市。
三.練習題及答案：
1.I, who____ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.
2. The rich ____ not always happy.
3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I ____ his students.
4. Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China.
A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study
5. Neither my father nor I ____ at home.
6. Not only my brother but also I ____ good at painting. Both of us ____ good painters.,
;are ;am ;are ;is
7. Every' boy and every girl ____ to attend the evening party.
es like
8. Over 80 percent of the population of China ____ peasants.
C. would be
9. The population of China ____ larger than that of other country in the world.
10. Every means ____ tried but without any result.
A. have been to be to be D. has been
11. Alice, together with two boys,____ for having broken the rule.
A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished
12. The League secretary and the monitor____ asked to attend the ing this afternoon.
being
13. The great writer and professor____.
A. is an old man B. are both old men
C. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese
14. There ____ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.
15. A large number of students in our class____ girls.
A. are B. was C. is D. be
16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ____ much if people leave things as they are.
A. doesn' t change 't change ge ged
17. The Arabian Nights ____ well known to the English.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
18. Chairman Mao' s works ____ published.
A. has been been
19. A chemical works____ built there.
A. is to being been C. were to been
20. The Olympic Games ____ held every ____ years.
;four ;four ;five ;five
答案：
1~5 AAACA 6~10 CBDAD 11~15 ACABA 16~20 AABDB
