雅思閱讀動植物類真題及答案：ThePearl
做好雅思的閱讀題除了掌握對的方法，也離不開我們日常的辛勤練習，下面小編給大家帶來雅思閱讀動植物類真題及答案：The Pearl，一起加油吧！
雅思閱讀動植物類真題：The Pearl
The Pearl
A
Throughout history, pearls have held a unique presence within the wealthy
and powerful. For instance, the pearl was the favored gem of the wealthy
during the Roman Empire. This gift from the sea had been brought back from
the orient by the Roman conquests. Roman women wore pearls to bed so
they could be reminded of their wealth immediately upon waking up. Before
jewelers learned to cut gems, the pearl was of greater value than the diamond.
In the Orient and Persia Empire, pearls were ground into powders to cure
anything from heart disease to epilepsy, with possible aphrodisiac uses as well.
Pearls were once considered an exclusive privilege for royalty. A law in 1612
drawn up by the Duke of Saxony prohibited the wearing of pearls by nobility,
professors, doctors or their wives in an effort to further distinguish royal
appearance. American Indians also used freshwater pearls from the Mississippi
River as decorations and jewelry.
B
There are essentially three types of pearls: natural, cultured and imitation. A
natural pearl (often called an Oriental pearl) forms when an irritant, such as
a piece of sand, works its way into a particular species of oyster, mussel, or
clam. As a defense mechanism, the mollusk secretes a fluid to coat the irritant.
Layer upon layer of this coating is deposited on the irritant until a lustrous
pearl is formed.
C
The only difference natural pearls and cultured pearls is that the irritant is
a surgically implanted bead or piece of shell called Mother of Pearl. Often,
these shells are ground oyster shells that are worth
significant amounts of money in their own right as
irritant-catalysts for quality pearls. The resulting
core is, much larger than in a natural pearl. Yet,
as long as there are enough layers of nacre (the
secreted fluid covering the irritant) to result in a
beautiful, gem-quality pearl, the size of the nucleus
is of no consequence to beauty or durability.
D
Pearls can come from either salt or freshwater sources. Typically, saltwater
pearls tend to be higher quality, although there are several types of freshwater
pearls that are considered high in quality as well. Freshwater pearls tend to
be very irregular in shape, with a puffed rice appearance the most prevalent.
Nevertheless, it is each individual pearls merits that determines value more
than the source of the pearl. Saltwater pearl oysters are usually cultivated in
protected lagoons or volcanic atolls. However, most freshwater cultured pearls
sold today come from China. Cultured pearls are the response of the shell to a
tissue implant. A tiny piece of mantle tissue from a donor shell is transplanted
into a recipient shell. This graft will form a pearl sac and the tissue will
precipitate calcium carbonate into this pocket. There are a number of options
for producing cultured pearls: use freshwater or seawater shells, transplant
the graft into the mantle or into the gonad, add a spherical bead or do it nonbeaded.
The majority of saltwater cultured pearls are grown with beads.
E
Regardless of the method used to acquire a pearl, the process usually takes
several years. Mussels must reach a mature age, which can take up t0 3 years,
and then be implanted or naturally receive an irritant. Once the irritant is
in place, it can take up to another 3 years for the pearl to reach its full size.
Often, the irritant may be rejected, the pearl will be terrifically misshapen, or
the oyster may simply die from disease or
countless other complications. By the end
of a 5 t0 10 year cycle, only 50% of the
oysters will have survived. And of the pearls
produced, only approximately 5% are of
substantial quality for top jewelry makers.
From the outset, a pearl fanner can figure
on spending over $100 for every oyster
that is farmed, of which many will produce
nothing or die.
F
Imitation pearls are a different story
altogether. In most cases, a glass bead is
dipped into a solution made from fish
scales. This coating is thin and may
eventually wear off. One can usually
tell an imitation by biting on it. Fake
pearls glide across your teeth, while the
layers of nacre on real pearls feel gritty.
The Island of Mallorca (in Spain) is known for its imitation pearl industry.
Quality natural pearls are very rare jewels. The actual value of a natural pearl
is determined in the same way as it would be for other “precious” gems.
The valuation factors include size, shape, color, quality of surface, orient
and luster. In general, cultured pearls are less valuable than natural pearls,
whereas imitation pearls almost have no value. One way that jewelers can
determine whether a pearl is cultured or natural is to have a gem lab perform
an x-ray of the pearl. If the x-ray reveals a nucleus, the pearl is likely a beadnucleated
saltwater pearl. If no nucleus is present, but irregular and small dark
inner spots indicating a cavity are visible, combined with concentric rings of
organic substance, the pearl is likely a cultured freshwater. Cultured freshwater
pearls can often be confused for natural pearls which present as homogeneous
pictures which continuously darken toward the surface of the pearl. Natural
pearls will often show larger cavities where organic matter has dried out and
decomposed. Although imitation pearls look the part, they do not have the
same weight or smoothness as real pearls, and their luster will also dim greatly.
Among cultured pearls, Akoya pearls from Japan are some of the most lustrous.
A good quality necklace of 40 Akoya pearls measuring 7mm in diameter sells
for about $1,500, while a super- high quality strand sells for about $4,500. Size
on the other hand, has to do with the age of the oyster that created the pearl (the
more mature oysters produce larger pearls) and the location in which the pearl
was cultured. The South Sea waters of Australia tend to produce the larger
pearls; probably because the water along the coast line is supplied with rich
nutrients from the ocean floor. Also, the type of mussel common to the area
seems to possess a predilection for producing comparatively large pearls.
G
Historically, the world’s best pearls came from the Persian Gulf, especially
around what is now Bahrain. The pearls of the Persian Gulf were natural
created and collected by breath-hold divers. The secret to the special luster of
Gulf pearls probably derived from the unique mixture of sweet and salt water
around the island. Unfortunately, the natural pearl industry of the Persian Gulf
ended abruptly in the early 1930’s with the discovery of large deposits of
oil. Those who once dove for pearls sought prosperity in the economic boom
ushered in by the oil industry. The water pollution resulting from spilled oil
and indiscriminate over-fishing of oysters essentially ruined the once pristine
pearl producing waters of the Gulf. Today, pearl diving is practiced only as
a hobby. Still, Bahrain remains one of the foremost trading centers for high
quality pearls. In fact, cultured pearls are banned from the Bahrain pearl
market, in an effort to preserve the location’s heritage. Nowadays, the largest
stock of natural pearls probably resides in India. Ironically, much of India’s
stock of natural pearls came originally from Bahrain. Unlike Bahrain, which
has essentially lost its pearl resource, traditional pearl fishing is still practiced
on a small scale in India.
雅思閱讀真題答案解析——pearl珍珠
1 A
【原文參考依據-A】第2句話 the pearl was the favored gem of th wealthy during the Roman Empire.在羅馬帝國時代，珍珠是深受富人喜愛的寶物。
2 E
【原文參考依據-E】第一句話Regardless of the method used to acquire a pearl,the process usually takes several years.不管用什麼方法去獲取珍珠，這個過程通常需要幾年。所以對應題幹中的difficulties.
3 F
4 C
【原文參考依據-c】第一句話The only difference natural pearls and cultured pearls is that the irrtant is a surfically implanted bead or piece of shell called Mother of Pearl.天然珍珠和人工養殖珍珠的唯一差別在於人工養殖珍珠的刺激物是一個通過外科手術植入的珠子或者小塊的殼，被稱作珍珠母。
5B
【原文參考依據-A】第四句話Roman women wore pearls to bed so they could be reminded of their wealth immediately upon waking up.羅馬女人還戴着珍珠上牀睡覺，這樣她們一覺醒來看到珍珠的時候，馬上就能看到自己是多麼的富有。
6 J【原文參考依據-A】第6句話 In the orient and PersiaEmpire,pearls were ground into powders to cure anything from heart disease to epilepsy,with possible aphrodisiac as well.在亞洲和波斯特帝國，珍珠被磨成珍珠粉用來治療從心臟病到癲癇的各種疾病。
7 K【原文參考依據-F】The Island of Mallorca (inSpain)is known for its imitation pearl industry.西班牙的馬略卡島以生產人造珍珠首飾而著名
8F【原文參考依據-F 】Among cultured pearls ,Akoya pearls from Japan are some of the most lustrous.產自日本的珍珠是所有人工養殖珍珠中光澤度最亮的一種。
9C【原文參考依據-F】 倒數第二句 The South Sea waters of Australia tend to produce the large pearls;probably because the water along the coast line is suppliced with rich nutrients from the ocean floor.產自澳大利亞的南海海域的珍珠個頭一般更大。
10 D 【原文參考依據-G 末句】Unlike Bahrain,which has essentially lost its pearl resource ,traditional pearl fishing is still practiced on a small in India. 在印度，小規模的傳統潛水收集珍珠作業仍然存在。
11 TRUE【原文參考依據-C 】第三句話The resulting core is,therefore,much larger than in a natural pearl.因此，人工養殖珍珠的內核比天然珍珠要大。
12 FALSE 【原文參考依據- F第10句話】In general,cultured pearls are less valuable than natural pearls, whereas imitation pearls almost have no value.總體來說，人工養殖珍珠的價值比不過天然珍珠，而人造珍珠就更沒有價值可言了。題目中說養殖的珍珠和天然的珍珠價值是一樣的 顯然是錯誤的，所以答案是False.
13 TRUE 【原文參考依據- F 倒數第2句話】 he South Sea waters of Australia tend to produce the large pearls;probably because the water along the coast line is suppliced with rich nutrients from the ocean floor.產自澳大利亞的南海海域的珍珠個頭一般更大。
14 NOT GIVEN
雅思閱讀技巧之詞彙+總結
雅思閱讀技巧錦囊一：英語詞庫
所謂英語詞庫是英語對英語的詞庫而非是英語對漢語的詞庫。每個烤鴨都清楚雅思是國際性考試而非中國性質考試，單詞背其中文意思在考試過程中是無效的，題目和文章都沒有中文的出現。雅思閱讀就是在全文中的找答案，可是你所用定位的詞很多時候不會老老實實的坐在原文裏等着你，這就需要你具備英語同義詞的能力。
比如劍橋6的67頁的list of headings 的 key point 2 的首句中managers should ensure that all employees have specific goals and receive comments on how well they are doing in those goals. 與之相對應的答案是establish targets and give feedback 同意詞組爲：have specific goals等於establish targets，receive comments on how well they are doing in those goals等於give feedback。
雅思閱讀技巧錦囊二：ability to paraphrase
Paraphrase意思是用英文的句子或者段落來解釋其英文的句子或者段落。對於外語系的孩子來講這種能力的考試是家常便飯，也就造就了他們的理解能力比非外語系的同學們好很多。這種能力在雅思閱讀考試中也是司空見慣的。
例如：劍橋6的43頁的判斷題10. Cities with high level of bicycles usage can be efficient even when public transport is only averagely good. 很多孩子看見only習慣性判爲NO。因爲太絕對了。實則不然，答案爲YES。對應於原文中two most ‘bicycle friend’ cities considered—Amsterdam and Copenhagen—were very efficient, even though their public transport systems were ‘ reasonable but special.
切記：高分的取得不只是靠技巧，閱讀能力的提升非常的重要
雅思閱讀必備高分三技能
技能一：擁有紮實的詞彙語法基礎及背景知識
這裏強調的其實是英文基礎的重要性。考生想要在考試過程中游刃有餘，沒有一定的詞彙量基本是沒有辦法達成的。當然我們在考試中可以通過上下文，轉折詞等等猜測生詞的意思。但是，一旦生詞量超過一定比例，勢必會影響考生的理解。說到理解，在雅思考試中碰到長難句是常有的事情。那麼紮實的語法基礎也是考生正確理解文章意義的一個重要的必備素質。
除去紮實的詞彙語法基礎之外，豐富的背景知識也是一名高分考生所必須的。雅思閱讀考試人文社科類和自然科學類當中有衆多小分支話題，涉及天文、地理、生物、地質、語言學、發展史等等衆多領域。爲了保證考試時的閱讀效率及答題的正確性，考生需要在平時多多查閱相關資料，瞭解各類文章背景。
技能二：熟悉題型的做題思路和技巧和出題角度
雅思閱讀考試的題型多種多樣，有細節題，有主旨題，有考察整體理解的題型，也有考察辨別信息能力的題型。
因此，建議想要取得高分的學員，在掌握每種題型的解題技巧的同時，還需要研究的是考試的出題角度，仔細研究各種題型考察的是何種能力。然後有針對性的去鍛鍊這方面的能力。14年的雅思閱讀考試中，所佔比重最大的幾類題型爲細節配對題、是非無判斷題、選擇題。之前常考的 List of headings對在去年的考試中所佔比例並不大。14年幾乎每場考試都有細節配對題出現，那麼其實可以反映出雅思考試更加註重考生的細節定位能力以及對於材料的理解能力。
技能三：充分到位的精讀和模擬訓練是必不可少的
精讀是提高分數的唯一法寶。精讀的方法是：
用一小時完整的做一個Test三篇文章，然後一篇文章一篇文章的開始精讀。
查出每篇文章的所有生詞，並要求認知。接着分析文章所有的長難句，翻譯整篇文章。
把所有題的出題點在文章裏標出來。我們要非常清楚對是爲什麼對，錯是爲什麼錯。精讀可以提高同學們的詞彙、長難句分析能力以及對整篇文章做題思路的理解。
模擬訓練可以提高考生兩方面的能力：一是考試答題順序的安排。二是考試時間的合理分配。
首先是答題順序的安排。考生並不用完全按照考試文章的順序來答題。完全可以通過對於標題的瀏覽來確定文章大意。然後根據自己的熟悉程度來選擇文章的先後順序。
另外，在確定了文章的先後順序之後，題目的先後順序其實也是需要進行合理安排的。比如14年很流行的段落細節配對題，雖然經常出現在文章很靠前的位置，但是，無論什麼樣的位置出現，這種題型都應該放在最後來解決。除了答題順序之外，考試時間的精確掌控也是考生是否能夠取得高分的一個重要因素。雅思閱讀考試是個精泛讀結合過程，不是所有的文字都需要進行精讀的，恰恰那些基礎很好有能力有機會考到高分的考生，往往會犯全篇通讀的錯誤，導致最後答題時間不夠，沒能完成所有的題目而不能取得滿意的成績。
保存並繼續
另外要提醒考生注意的是，在平常的模擬考試中就養成是用答題卡的習慣，這樣纔不至於在考試的時候因爲時間不夠而出現答題卡不能填寫完全的情況。相信很多次的模擬練習之後，考生一定有能力在考試時，用最合理的時間分配進行最佳順序的答題，最終取得高分成績。
雅思閱讀動植物類真題及答案：The Pearl
