Factset全球最賺錢企業 工行力壓蘋果奪魁
With the recent release of the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus, Apple is again the focus of the financial world. Already in its opening weekend, Apple (AAPL) sold 10 million iPhones, breaking its previous record.
隨着近期iPhone 6和iPhone 6s的全面上市，蘋果公司再次成爲金融界關注的焦點。截至首發週末蘋果公司(AAPL)已賣出一千萬臺新款手機，打破以往記錄。
It is now the second most profitable company in the world. The only company with a higher profit is the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China. Based on data provided by FactSet on companies' net income before discontinued operations and extraordinary items for their latest fiscal year, these are the world’s 10 most profitable companies.
如今蘋果公司已成爲世界第二大收益最爲豐厚的企業。而與之相比收益更多的中國工商銀行。FactSet發佈了一組數據，顯示了最近這一財年各公司在除去終止業務和非常項目後剩下的淨收入情況。根據數據，全球盈利最爲豐厚的十大企業如下。
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited
中國工商銀行（ICBC）
> Net income from cont. operations: $42.7 billion
來自持續經營項目的淨收入：427億美元
> Country: China
國家：中國
> Industry: Diversified banks
類別：多元化銀行
> Revenue: $89.4 billion
收益：894億美元
The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China is the world’s most profitable company, with a net income from continuing operations of more than $42.7 billion last year. However, the profitability of the bank is somewhat dependent on government policy. Notably, in 2010, ICBC marketed a trust product, called "2010 China Credit / Credit Equals Gold #1." The product was not explicitly guaranteed by the bank.
中國工商銀行是全球收益最爲豐厚的企業，去年來自持續經營項目的收益超過了427億美元。但該銀行的收益主要依靠政府政策。尤其是在2010年，ICBC向市場推出了一個叫“2010中國信用卡/誠致金開1號”的信託產品，而實際上該產品並未得到銀行擔保。
However, after considerable government pressure, the company lent money to an asset manager to bail out customers from the product. Concerns about such shadow financing have been building in China for a long time. While ICBC is massive, with continued growth in assets, it has substantial exposure to such potentially risky products. These products, under certain scenarios, could weigh heavily on profits in the future.
但由於政府的大力施壓，ICBC不得不最後自掏腰包借錢給資產管理人幫助該信用卡持有人擺脫信用危機。雖然長期以來在中國人們對此種影子金融的擔憂從未停止過，但ICBC作爲資產持續增長的大型企業，發行此種存在潛在風險的產品的機率仍然很大。
Apple Inc.
蘋果公司
> Net income from cont. operations: $37.0 billion
來自持續經營項目的淨收入：370億美元
> Country: United States
國家：美國
> Industry: Technology hardware, storage and peripherals
類別：生產技術硬件、軟件和外圍設備的企業
> Revenue: $170.9 billion
收益：1709億美元
Apple may have posted the most extraordinary growth in net income among any of the most profitable companies in the world. In 2004, Apple made $276 million. Last year, that number rose to $37 billion. The company’s recent growth has been fueled in large part by the iPhone. Last quarter, Apple sold more than 35.2 million iPhones, which produced $19.8 billion of the company’s total revenue of $37.4 billion in the period.
在世界收益最爲豐厚的企業中蘋果公司的淨收入增長速度恐怕是最爲驚人的。2004年蘋果公司的收益僅爲2.76億美元，去年卻一躍升至370億美元。而近期該公司的收入大漲主要歸功於iPhone系列大賣。上一季度蘋果公司賣掉了3520萬部iPhone手機，而在這一季度374億美元的總收益中，198億美元都來源於此。
At least near term, the iPhone will likely remain the key to Apple’s growth. The company sold 10 million units of the new iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus in the first weekend they were available. The phones will be available in 69 countries and territories by the end of October. Because of its size, the most important of these markets is likely China, where newest iPhones will be available from all three of the country’s largest wireless carriers.
至少短期內，iPhone系列仍舊是蘋果公司收益增長的關鍵。在iPhone 6 和 iPhone 6 s 上市的第一個週末蘋果公司就賣掉了1000萬部。截至10月末，新品手機的銷售將擴展至69個國家和地區。從銷售規模上看，中國可能成爲蘋果最大的銷售市場，因爲中國三大無線運營商都對最新蘋果手機提供了銷售平臺。
Gazprom OAO.
俄羅斯國有天然氣公司
> Net income from cont. operations: $35.7 billion
來自持續經營項目的淨收入：357億美元
> Country: Russia
國家：俄羅斯
> Industry: Integrated oil and gas
類別：綜合油氣公司
> Revenue: $156.6 billion
收益：1566億美元
Along with Rosneft, Gazprom is one of two of the world’s 20 most profitable companies based in Russia. Like Rosneft, Gazprom is majority-owned by the Russian government, with government-controlled entities holding just over half of all shares. Gazprom claims to own the largest reserves of natural gas in the world and to account for 13% of global natural gas production.
全球20大收益最爲豐厚的公司中有兩家公司所屬俄羅斯，一個是俄羅斯石油公司，另一個就是俄羅斯國有天然氣公司。與俄羅斯石油公司相同，俄羅斯國有天然氣公司的大部分股權都屬於俄國政府，俄國政府持有該企業一半以上的股權。俄羅斯國有天然氣公司聲稱擁有世界最廣闊的天然氣資源，其天然氣產量佔全球的13%。
Gazprom also notes that its natural gas transmission network is the largest in the world, with roughly 168,900 kilometers of pipelines. The company is a massive exporter of gas throughout Europe. However, because of this, it is often viewed as a tool of Russian foreign policy in Europe, including in Ukraine.
該公司表示其天然氣運輸網規模全球第一，輸氣管道覆蓋接近168，900千米。俄羅斯國有天然氣公司是全歐洲最大的天然氣出口商，但也因此被視爲俄國政府歐洲推行外交政策的一大工具，俄羅斯石油公司也同樣如此。
China Construction Bank Corporation
中國建設銀行
> Net income from cont. operations: $34.9 billion
來自持續經營項目的淨收入：349億美元
> Country: China
國家：中國
> Industry: Diversified banks
類別：多元化銀行
> Revenue: $76.9 billion
收益：769億美元
China Construction Bank is one of four Chinese banks among the eight most profitable companies in the world. Last year, the company reported more than 214 billion yuan in profits, or roughly $35 billion. Helping the bank generate such huge profits, China Construction Bank reported nearly 400 billion yuan in net interest income, or more than $64 billion.
在世界收益最豐厚的八大銀行中有四家屬於中國，中國建設銀行是其中之一。去年建行對外公佈其利潤超過了2140億元人民幣，約合美元350億。在如此豐厚的收益中建行表示4000億元人民幣屬於淨利息收益，約合640多億美元。
In addition to posting larger profits than its U.S. counterparts, the bank also had a return on equity of 21.2%, well above the 13.9% figure for Wells Fargo, America’s most profitable bank. Like other major Chinese banks, China Construction Bank is majority state-owned.
中國建設銀行不僅在利潤上大幅超過其他美國同行，其股票回報率也達到了21.1%，超過了美國收益最大的銀行—富國銀行，其回報率爲13.9%。同其他中國幾大銀行一樣，中國建設銀行也是國有銀行。
Exxon Mobil Corporation
埃克森美孚公司
> Net income from cont. operations: $32.6 billion
來自持續經營項目的淨收入：326億美元
> Country: United States
國家：美國
> Industry: Integrated oil and gas
類別：綜合油氣公司
> Revenue: $393.7 billion
收益：3937億美元
ExxonMobil is the second largest company in the United States by income from continuing operations, trailing only Apple. It is also one of the largest companies in the world by market capitalization. The company’s upstream segment which explores for and produces oil, accounted for the bulk of its earnings last year. ExxonMobil derived nearly $26 billion in income from its production activities last year, of which just under half came from equity affiliates -- investments whose revenue and costs are not directly included in the income statement.
在持續經營項目淨收入方面，埃克森美孚公司在美國排名第二，僅次於蘋果公司。它也是世界市場資本化程度最高的公司之一。去年該公司的大部分收益都來自在石油開採和生產方面的上游業務。去年埃克森美孚公司近260億美元的收益都來自其石油生產業務，其中不到一半來自權益子公司—這些子公司的收支不包括在此前提及的埃克森美孚公司的總收益裏。
In addition to its highly profitable upstream segment, ExxonMobil notes that it is “the world’s largest refiner and marketer of petroleum products,” and that “our chemical company ranks among the world’s largest.” While low oil prices may hurt the company’s upstream segment, they could also potentially improve margins in its refining business.
除了高收益的上游業務外，美孚公司還表示它還是世界最大的石油提煉商和生產商，而其下設的化工企業也在世界名列前茅。雖然油價走低使美孚公司的上流業務受損，但也潛在地提高了該公司在煉油生意上的利潤。
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
三星電子有限公司
> Net income from cont. operations: $27.2 billion
來自持續經營項目的淨收入：272億美元
> Country: South Korea
國家：韓國
> Industry: Technology hardware, storage and peripherals
類別：生產技術硬件、軟件和外圍設備的企業
> Revenue: $216.6 billion
收益：2166億美元
Samsung is, by far, the most profitable company in South Korea, with more than $27 billion in income from continuing operations last year. Although its smartphone market share declined in the last year, Samsung is still the largest smartphone maker in the world. Sales of Samsung smartphones accounted for 25% of the global market as of the second quarter of 2014, according to IDC.
三星公司是迄今爲止韓國收益最爲豐厚的企業，去年來自持續經營項目的收益超過270億美元。雖然其智能手機市場份額在去年有所下降，但三星公司仍是世界最大的智能手機銷售商。據國際文獻資料中心報道，2014年第二個季度三星智能手機銷售量佔全球總量的25%。
In the first half of this year, the company’s information technology and mobile communications segment -- which includes Samsung’s phones -- accounted for 57.4% of the company’s sales. Of course, Samsung Electronics makes far more than just phones. It also makes monitors, digital cameras, washing machines, and more.
今年上半年，該公司的信息技術和移動通信業務，包括三星手機在內，佔公司銷售總額的57.4%。當然，三星電子公司不只生產智能手機，還生產監控器、數碼相機、洗衣機及其他產品。
Samsung Electronics is one of many companies bearing the Samsung name and is considered part of the Samsung Group: a network of companies, called a chaebol in South Korea, with complex cross-holdings between member firms.
三星電子是衆多冠有“三星”品牌的子公司之一，它們同屬三星集團：一大企業網絡。作爲韓國一大財閥，其會員公司相互持股。
Agricultural Bank of China Limited
中國農業銀行（ABC）
>Net income from cont. operations: $27.1 billion
來自持續經營項目的淨收入：271億美元
>Country: China
國家：中國
> Industry: Diversified banks
類別：多元化銀行
> Revenue: $68.2 billion
收益：682億美元
The Agricultural Bank of China is one of the big four Chinese banks, all of which are among the eight most profitable companies in the world. Until the recent public offering by e-commerce giant Alibaba, ABC held the record for largest IPO in history, after raising more than $19 billion in 2010.
中國農業銀行是中國四大銀行之首，它們在全球收益最爲豐厚的八大銀行中都有一席之地。直到最近電商巨頭阿里巴巴首次公開募股纔打破了ABC在首次公開募股上創下的記錄。2010年ABC進行了歷史上規模最大的IPO，募集了190億美元的資金。
ABC and its cohorts have benefited from China’s move in the 1990s to establish a number of asset management companies, which buy bad loans from the Chinese banking system.
ABC及其商業夥伴是20世紀90年代中國建立起一衆資產管理公司的收益者，這些資產管理公司買走了存在於銀行體系的不良貸款。
However, after the most recent surge in Chinese lending, which was directed by the country’s government, worries have arisen that the Chinese financial system may be loaded with bad debt.
然而當最近由中國掀起的借貸熱潮結束，有一種擔心隨之而生，那就是中國金融體系可能被不良貸款所累。
Bank of China Ltd.
中國銀行
> Net income from cont. operations: $25.5 billion
來自持續經營項目的淨收入：255億美元
> Country: China
國家：中國
> Industry: Diversified banks
類別：多元化銀行
> Revenue: $63.3 billion
收益：633億美元
Bank of China traces its history back to 1912, when its founding was approved by the founding father of the Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen. The bank has had several roles throughout its history. Until 1949, it served as China’s central bank. Thereafter, it managed the country’s foreign exchange operations.
中國銀行的歷史要追溯到1912年，它的建立見證着由孫中山爲首的中華民國的成立。在其漫長的發展歷程中，中國銀行扮演了很多不同角色。直到1949年它一直是中國央行。之後它負責掌管中國外匯業務。
In 1994, it became a fully state-owned commercial bank, and in 2006, it offered shares on exchanges in both Hong Kong and Shanghai. The bank has grown to a massive size and reported net income from continuing operations exceeding $25.5 billion in 2013.
1994年，中國銀行成爲完全意義上的國有商業銀行，1996年它在香港和上海交易所上市。如今中國銀行已經成長爲一家大型銀行，據報道2013年其持續經營項目淨收入已超過255億美元。
At the end of last year, Bank of China was still more than two-thirds owned by the Chinese government through a state-owned enterprise.
截至去年年末中國銀行超過三分之二的股權歸中國政府所有，它仍是國有企業。
BP plc
英國石油公司
> Net income from cont. operations: $23.5 billion
來自持續經營項目的淨收入：235億美元
> Country: United Kingdom
國家：英國
>Industry: Integrated oil and gas
類別：聯合油氣公司
>Revenue: $379.6 billion
收益：3796億美元
BP was the third most profitable energy company in the world, with more than $23 billion in profits from continuing operations. This was despite the fact that the Gulf of Mexico oil spill continued to weigh on its profitability.
英國石油公司是世界三大利潤最爲豐厚的能源公司之一，其持續經營項目利潤超過230億美元。墨西哥灣石油泄露事件仍對其收益有所影響。
Charges associated with the spill lowered the bottom line by $396 million, although this was down from charges of almost $5 billion in 2012. Last year, BP also recorded a gain of $12.5 billion on the sale of its 50% stake in TNK-BP.
該公司因石油泄露事件收益跌破3.96億美元底線，雖然在2012年交付近50億罰金。去年英國石油公司通過出售它在秋明英國石油公司50%的股份而獲得125億美元收益，創下收益記錄。
Such gains are hardly one-time events for the company, which has recorded billions in gains from such sales in each of its last three fiscal years. In return for selling TNK-BP to Rosneft, BP also grew its stake in the Russian oil giant to nearly 20%. Rosneft is also one of the most profitable companies in the world.
這種大份額收益對英國石油公司而言並非僅此一次，在最近的三個財政年每年該公司都創下了幾十億美元的收益記錄。作爲將秋明英國石油公司賣給俄羅斯石油公司的回報，英國石油公司持有該俄國石油巨頭股份的份額也接近了20%。俄羅斯石油公司也是世界收益最爲豐厚的企業之一。
Microsoft Corporation
微軟公司
> Net income from cont. operations: $22.1 billion
來自持續經營項目的淨收入：221億美元
> Country: United States
國家：美國
> Industry: Systems software
類別：生產系統軟件的企業
> Revenue: $86.8 billion
收益：868億美元
Microsoft has long been a giant in the technology industry, as well as one of its most profitable companies. The majority of Microsoft's operating income is derived from its commercial business segments, which licenses its products to businesses, including Office for Business, Windows operating system, and its server products.
微軟公司一直都是技術產業的一大巨頭，同時也是收益最爲豐厚的公司之一。微軟公司的大部分營業收益都來源於商貿業務，涉及多種商業產品，包括Office 辦公系列、Windows 操作系統和其他服務性產品。
Last year, across its consumer and commercial segments, Office, Windows, and server products and tools accounted for more than $58 billion of the company’s $86 billion in revenue.
去年在其消費商務業務中Office、Windows 和其他服務性產品及工具的收益超過580億美元，而公司總收益爲860億美元。
Going forward, however, investors are likely to look for growth from Microsoft’s phones and tablets, as well as from its cloud computing services.
但着眼未來投資者們可能希望看到微軟在手機，平板電腦和雲計算服務上的進步。
