10個從事獵首的邪惡部落(上)

Head-hunting is known as the practice of taking or preserving the head of a person after killing that person for a ritual and ceremonial purpose. Head-hunting was conducted to prove one’s manhood, take a rival’s power, make the person a slave in the afterlife, or collect the head as a souvenir or trophy. These are the 10 most vicious groups and tribes that participated in head-hunting.

獵首是一種將人殺死後，砍下或保存頭顱的儀式性習俗，它被用來證明男子成年，削弱對手，使人在來世變成奴隸，或者把頭作爲紀念品或戰利品收藏。下面就是10個最邪惡的獵首人羣和部落。

10 Maori

10 毛利人

These Polynesian settlers had created their own language and culture that became known as Maori after arriving in New Zealand. The Maori formed tribal groups that were based on Polynesian customs, and within these tribes, a strong warrior culture emerged.

這些波利尼西亞開拓者創造了自己的語言和文化，併成爲了新西蘭的毛利人。毛利人形成了基於波利尼西亞風俗的部落，這些部落中產生了強大的戰士文化。

This led to head-hunting during raids and wars. After killing their enemies, these savage Maori would carefully preserve the heads by removing the skulls and then smoking the heads. Afterward, their victims’ tattoos and facial features would still be recognizable and these “pickled heads” became trophies.

這種文化導致了襲擊和戰爭期間的獵首。殺死敵人後，這些野蠻的毛利人會去除頭骨，然後通過煙燻小心地保存首級。此後，受害者的紋身和麪部特徵仍然可以識別，於是這些“醃漬頭”就成了戰利品。

The Maori were one of the most known groups to participate in both the head-hunting and cannibalism of their conquered enemies.

毛利人是進行獵首和吃掉戰俘，最爲人所知的人羣之一。

9 The Sumba People

9 鬆巴人

The Sumba people inhabited a very small island in Sumba, Indonesia. East Sumba and West Sumba both participated in the practice of head-hunting for very different reasons. Eastern residents practiced head-hunting largely to show territorial conquest, while the Western people used it as an act of vengeance between equals.

鬆巴人生活在印尼一個叫鬆巴的非常小的島上。東西松巴爲了不同目的都曾進行獵首。東部島民主要是爲了顯示領地的征服，西部島民則將其視爲平等的復仇行爲。

Still, they had similarities, such as keeping and preserving the skulls that they had collected. The East would hang the heads from trees during times of hostility. But during times of peace in their territory, they would bury the heads.

不過他們也有相似之處，比如保存收集的頭顱。東部島民會在敵對時期把它們掛在樹上，但在領地上的和平時期，他們會把頭顱埋掉。

The West would sometimes return only the head to the family of the person beheaded. They would keep the hair to be used for something “magical,” such as certain concoctions.

西部島民有時只把頭顱還給被斬首者的家屬，而頭髮會被用於“神奇”的東西，比如某些混合物。

8 The Scythians

8 西古提人

The Scythians were originally Iranian Eurasian nomads who migrated from Central Asia toward southern Russia and Ukraine and founded a rich, powerful empire that is now known as Crimea. The Scythians of Europe were known as excellent horsemen and Aryan headhunters so savage that Herodotus wrote about their tribes. There were even Persian rulers who spent much of their careers trying to exterminate the Scythians. They fought to live and lived to fight.

西古提人起源於伊朗的歐亞遊牧民族，他們從中亞遷移到俄羅斯南部和烏克蘭，建立了一個現在被稱爲克里米亞的富有而強大的帝國。歐洲的西古提人是優秀的騎兵，也是野蠻的雅利安獵首者，古希臘歷史學家希羅多德都寫過他們的部落。甚至有些波斯統治者在掌權期間，花了很多精力試圖消滅他們。 他們爲活而戰，爲戰而活。

They would fight from horseback with bows and arrows to kill their prey, and they were excellent marksmen. After the kill, the Scythians were famous for cutting the throats of their enemies, regardless of their age or gender, and sawing open their skulls to use them as drinking cups.

他們在馬背上戰鬥，用弓箭殺死獵物，都是優秀的射手。殺戮之後，西古提人的著名行徑是割斷敵人的喉嚨，無論年齡和性別，然後鋸開頭骨當水杯。

7 The Wa Tribe

7 佤族

The Wa tribe inhabited the upland area of eastern Myanmar (Burma) and the southwestern Yunnan Province of China. The beliefs of the religious Wa people centered on blood sacrifices. They would kill chickens, pigs, buffalo, and other animals, which were sometimes used as sacrifices for weddings, funerals, and other social gatherings.

佤族生活在緬甸東部的高原和中國雲南的西南部。虔誠佤族人的信仰中心是血祭。他們會殺死雞、豬、水牛和其他動物，用作婚葬等社交集會的犧牲。

The Wa people living in the remote upland area of the China-Myanmar border were also known for their violence toward people. Some of the Wa tribe were known as the “wild” Wa because they practiced head-hunting. They had a definitive season for head-hunting enemies, which was when the tribe needed more fertilizer to help grow their crops.

居住在中緬邊界偏遠高原地區的佤族人對民衆的暴力也很出名。有的佤族部落被說成“野蠻”，因爲他們實施獵首。他們有個明確的殺敵獵手季，就是他們的莊稼地需要更多肥料的時候。

6 Montenegrins

6 黑山人

The Montenegrins were avid headhunters and even practiced it as late as 1912. After taking the complete head of their enemy, they would carry it by a lock of hair worn by the decapitator to transfer the soul of the victim to him. The Montenegrins could be found in Europe, and they primarily targeted the Ottoman Turks when head-hunting. The Ottoman Turks were also headhunters but less vicious when attacking.

黑山人是狂熱的獵首者，甚至到了1912年還在做這事。取下敵人的完整首級後，他們會把一縷頭髮給劊子手，於是死者的靈魂就傳給了劊子手。黑山人在歐洲出沒過，獵首時的主要目標是奧斯曼土耳其人。奧斯曼土耳其人也是獵首者，但攻擊時沒那麼惡毒。

In Montenegro, head-hunting was an adjunct in warfare and played only a minor role in raiding, especially when the people lived close enough for feuds. Since the Montenegrins weren’t looking for a war or much trouble from their nearby neighbors, their large-scale raids and beheadings were only committed on people who lived a considerable distance away.

在黑山，獵首是戰爭的輔助手段，在襲擊中只起了次要作用，尤其是人們住得近，經常發生摩擦是。黑山不想和鄰居大動干戈，所以他們的大規模襲擊和斬首隻用在住得遠的人那。