10個"正確"的陰謀論(上)

Oftentimes, conspiracy theories are outright dismissed as paranoia or the ramblings of fringe dwellers or quacks. Perhaps, this is usually the case. But some theories were frighteningly correct.

陰謀論通常被認爲是妄想症或邊緣性人羣、江湖騙子等的胡言亂語，但有些“陰謀論”其實是正確的。

CIA Controlled Journalists And The media

10.中情局控制記者和媒體

Nowadays, there are few things quite so polarizing as the media and the possibility of "fake news." Journalists are often seen as either dedicated truth seekers or partisans trying to push an agenda with little to no room in-between. There seems to be no question, however, that the media was controlled as a tool by political operatives at one time (at least).

如今各大媒體的對立非常嚴重，“假新聞”也常常出現。記者常被看作是真理的追求者，同時也是推動議程的黨羽。然而，毫無疑問，媒體曾一度淪爲政治操縱者的工具。

The first account of a Central Intelligence Agency initiative called "Operation Mockingbird" was a claim in a 1979 biography of Washington Post owner Katharine Graham. Allegedly, the program paid or threatened movers and shakers of many, if not all, of the most popular news outlets in America as a response to the Soviet Union engaging in similar practices with the European media.

1979年華盛頓郵報老闆凱瑟琳·格雷厄姆在傳記中首度提及中央情報局的“嘲鳥”行動。據稱，這個行動收買或威脅美國新聞業絕大多數具有影響力的人物，來應對蘇聯與歐洲媒體類似的做法。

While the specific existence of Operation Mockingbird remains a mystery, it has been confirmed that the CIA did (and possibly still does) engage in these types of activities.

“嘲鳥”行動的具體情況仍然是一個謎，但經證實，中央情報局確實曾（也可能會繼續）從事這類活動。

rettes Cause Cancer

9.吸菸致癌

Today, it's common knowledge that tobacco products are deadly. For many, it seems outlandish that there was ever a time that cigarettes were not considered extremely hazardous to the health of smokers and those around them or that smoking was actually thought to be good for you.

如今大家都知道菸草製品對人體有致命傷害。但是歷史上曾經有段時間，人們認爲吸菸對健康沒有壞處，甚至對健康有益。

Tobacco companies began to truly grasp the scale of the problem in the 1950s. Researchers had suggested the possibility for decades but were more or less dismissed. "Big Tobacco," as the largest tobacco companies would come to be known, launched a cover-up that would go on for nearly half a century.

在上世紀50年代，菸草公司開始控制輿論。研究人員抗爭了幾十年，告知人們吸菸可能致命，但是大家都不怎麼當回事。當時最大的菸草公司“Big Tobacco”，發起了長達近半個世紀的掩蓋活動，企圖隱瞞吸菸的危害。

The four biggest tobacco companies would finally apparently admit defeat in 1998 with the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement—a legal settlement between the companies and 46 US states. The other four states were involved in separate settlements.

最終在1998年，四大煙草公司敗訴，與控告它們的美國46個洲簽訂了菸草大和解協議，其餘的四個洲則簽署了單獨協議。

Department Of Defense Paid For Patriotic Acts

8.美國國防部爲愛國行爲付出代價

Depending on the country, many, if not most, acts of patriotism in nations around the world are genuine. People are proud of their countries and like to show their support. However, many people have also found some of the more organized and epic displays to be forced, possibly even fake. In 2015, Arizona Senators John McCain and Jeff Flake published a report saying that these worries may be well-founded in the US.

在大多數國家，愛國主義行爲都是真誠的，人們爲自己的國家感到自豪，也樂於表現他們對國家的支持。但是也有人發現，一些更具組織性和史詩性的愛國行爲是被迫的，甚至可能是虛假的。2015年，亞利桑那州參議員約翰·麥凱恩和傑夫·弗雷克發表了一份報告說，在美國，這些擔憂是有根據的。

Their report concluded that the Department of Defense had spent millions of dollars to have various sports organizations put on enormous shows of love of country at times. This included several teams in the National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer. NASCAR and the athletic departments of several universities also participated.

他們的報告總結說，國防部花了數百萬美元，讓各種體育組織不時地表現出對國家的熱愛，包括國家橄欖球聯盟、美國職業棒球大聯盟、美國職業籃球聯賽、國家冰球聯盟和美國足球大聯盟的幾支隊伍。全國汽車比賽協會和幾所高校的體育部門也有所參與。

In theory, these overwhelming displays of American pride would drive up military recruiting. But nothing has definitely shown that this worked. The NFL also agreed to refund much of the money used for activities unrelated to recruiting.

從理論上講，這些勢不可擋的美國自豪感將推動軍事招募，但是沒有任何東西能確切地表明這種做法有效。國家橄欖球聯盟還同意退還與招募無關的活動所使用的大部分資金。

rah's Testimony Was False

7.娜依麗發表虛假證詞

One of the most iconic events leading up to the Gulf War was the testimony by a girl identified simply as "Nayirah" before the Congressional Human Rights Caucus in 1990. The stories she told about the treatment of Kuwaitis by the invading Iraqis horrified members of Congress and many Americans in general. This included the terrible deaths of newborn babies.

1990年在國會人權問題核心小組面前，一個名叫“娜依麗”的女孩發表了一篇證詞，成爲導致波斯灣戰爭最具標誌性的事件之一。她說入侵的伊拉克人虐待科威特人，許多新生兒被殘忍殺害，這嚇壞了國會議員和許多美國民衆。

Although many people (including newborn babies) did die horrifically following Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, Nayirah's testimony, which was not given under oath, was made up. In fact, the young girl was really the daughter of the Kuwaiti ambassador to the United States. The event was set up as part of a public relations campaign called Citizens for a Free Kuwait that was run by an American consulting company then known as Hill & Knowlton.

雖然伊拉克入侵科威特後確實殺害了許多人（包括新生兒），但娜依麗的證詞其實是她編造的。事實上，這個年輕女孩是科威特駐美國大使的女兒，該事件是“解放科威特”公共運動的一部分，由美國偉達公衆關係顧問有限公司操控。

rnational Elite Gather Together Regularly

6.國際領袖經常聚會

The idea of world power players gathering together behind closed doors to discuss how to run the world is perhaps considered the most outrageous of all conspiracy theories. Except that it really happens every year, at least among American and European leaders. Known as the Bilderberg meetings, the event actually has an official website.

所有陰謀論中最令人髮指的大概是：世界強國的領導人會聚到一起閉門討論如何管理世界。其實這是真的，至少美國和歐洲的領導人每年都會“聚一聚”，這個會議稱爲彼爾德伯格會議，它還有一個官方網站。

The first event of this kind took place in 1954 at the Hotel de Bilderberg in The Netherlands. Although the guest lists for these meetings are typically not a secret, the discussions that take place are. Past guests have included monarchs, high-ranking politicians, senior military officials, economic leaders, and powerful journalists.

他們的首次會議於1954年舉行，地點是荷蘭彼爾德伯格酒店。雖然與會人員名單通常不是祕密，但他們討論的內容都是祕密。之前的與會人員包括君主、高級政客、高級軍事官員、經濟領袖及有權力的記者。