雙語暢銷書《艾倫圖靈傳》第3章:思考什麼是思考(90)
The drift of his argument, indeed, was obvious, with each 'state of mind' of the human computer being represented by a configuration of the corresponding machine.
These 'states of mind' being a weak point of the argument, he added an alternative justification of the idea that his machines could perform any 'definite method' which did not need them:
他這番論證的薄弱之處，就在於他引入了思維狀態這種東西。於是，他又給出了一個另一種論證，來說明他的機器可以執行任何明確的過程，不需要思維：We suppose [still] that the computation is carried out on a tape; but we avoid introducing the 'state of mind' by considering a more physical and definite counterpart of it.
我們仍然假設，計算是在紙帶上進行的。現在，我們避免引入思維狀態，我們用一個更加具體而明確的方式來考慮。
It is always possible for the computer to break off from his work, to go away and forget all about it, and later to come back and go on with it.
計算者也許需要停下來休息，或者暫時走開，If he does this he must leave a note of instructions (written in some standard form) explaining how the work is to be continued.
這樣他就必須記下一張便條（寫成某種規範的格式），記錄計算的進展以及下一步操作是什麼，以免重新開始工作時，把前面算過的給都忘了。This note is the counterpart of the 'state of mind'.
這個便條，就相當於思維狀態。We will suppose that the computer works in such a desultory manner that he never does more than one step at a sitting.
我們假設這個計算者很沒耐心，他每坐下一次，只能做一步操作，就要去休息。The note of instructions must enable him to carry out one step and write the next note.
那麼，他每做一步，都要寫一張便條，記錄下一步操作是什麼，以便能夠寫出下一張便條。Thus the state of progress of the computation at any stage is completely determined by the note of instructions and the symbols on the tape…
這樣一來，每一步計算的結果，就完全取決於當前的便條和紙帶上的符號……But these arguments were quite different.
然而，這兩種論證並不是等價的。Indeed, they were complementary.
實際上，它們是對立的。The first put the spotlight upon the range of thought within the individual—the number of 'states of mind'.
第一種的焦點，是人的思維範圍，也就是思維狀態的數量；The second conceived of the individual as a mindless executor of given directives.
而第二種則把人當成無意識的，只是按部就班地執行指令。Both approached the contradiction of free will and determinism, but one from the side of internal will, the other from that of external constraints.
這涉及到了自由意識和決定論之間的矛盾，前者站在內在意識的立場上，而後者則是外部參數。These approaches were not explored in the paper, but left as seeds for future growth.*
這篇論文中沒有討論這個問題，但這卻給未來埋下了一顆種子。
