希臘財政改革計劃獲批 新政府舉步維艱

BRUSSELS — Eurozone finance ministers on Tuesday approved Greece’s plan meant to ease the hardships created by its international bailout, extending that loan program by four more months.

布魯塞爾——希臘爲緩解國際援助造成的困境而提出的一項計劃，週二得到了歐元區財長的認可，貸款項目將延長四個月。

In revising the terms of the bailout program, the new Greek government pledged to take a disciplined approach to budgets, spending and tax collection, while remaining committed to relieving the “humanitarian crisis” caused by years of economic hardship and high unemployment. Many Greeks blame the austerity-budget requirement of the bailout program, agreed to by a previous government, for those privations.

在修改救助協議的條款時，新的希臘政府承諾，將在預算、支出和稅收上執行嚴明的紀律，同時繼續致力於解決這場由多年的經濟困境和高失業率導致的“人道主義危機”。許多希臘人將困境歸咎於上一任政府達成的救助協議所要求的預算緊縮。

But in trying to achieve that delicate balance — to meet the demands of its European creditors in order to keep the loan money flowing, but without reneging on the anti-austerity campaign promises on which it was elected in January — the government of Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras may find a difficult road ahead.

不過，要實現脆弱的平衡——既滿足歐洲債權人的要求，又不違背1月份當選時做出的反緊縮運動的承諾——總理亞歷克西斯·齊普拉斯(Alexis Tsipras)的政府可能走一段坎坷的路程。

The finance ministers of the 19 euro-currency countries, who last Friday had agreed to consider an extension of Greece’s 240 billion euro, or $272 billion, loan program, on Tuesday afternoon quickly approved the subsequent plan.

歐元區19國財長上週五已經同意考慮延長希臘的2400億歐元（約合2720億美元）的貸款協議。他們於週二下午很快通過了後續的計劃。

But though the eurozone ministers were leading the negotiations on behalf of their countries, the response from two of the other creditors — the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund — conveyed a certain skepticism of whether Greece could live up to the terms of the new agreement.

不過，儘管歐元區的財長們代表各自的國家主導着談判，另外的兩個債權方——歐洲央行(European Central Bank)和國際貨幣基金組織（International Monetary Fund，簡稱IMF）——卻對希臘能否遵守新的協議條款表達了一定程度的懷疑。

Mario Draghi, the president of the European Central Bank, said on Tuesday that the Greek measures were a “valid starting point” and suggested that he might be open to changes in the conditions originally imposed by Greece’s creditors when the current bailout program was agreed to in 2012.

歐洲央行行長馬里奧·德拉吉(Mario Draghi)週二表示，希臘的措施是一個“恰當的起點”，並表示，他願意考慮對希臘債權人最初設置的條件進行修改。當前的救助協議是2012年達成的。

But Mr. Draghi said that Athens needed to provide more details about what it had in mind, and that any existing loan conditions the Greeks did not like would have to be replaced “with measures of equal or better quality.”

然而，德拉吉表示，雅典需要提供更多有關其現有想法的具體信息，不管希臘人對現有的貸款條件有何不滿，要取代它們的必須是“擁有同等或更好質量的措施”。

Christine Lagarde, the managing director of the I.M.F., said she welcomed new commitments by Athens to fight tax evasion and corruption. But she warned that the Greek measures were “generally not very specific” and suffered a lack of “clear assurances” in “perhaps the most important” areas — like the size of pensions; revisions of Greece’s sales tax; continued plans to sell off state-owned assets; and revisions to labor laws, which outside critics consider too burdensome to employers.

IMF總裁克里斯蒂娜·拉加德(Christine Lagarde)表示，她歡迎雅典做出新的打擊逃稅和腐敗的承諾。但她警告，希臘的措施“總的來說不是非常具體”，在“或許是最重要”的領域，缺乏“清晰的保證”——比如養老金的規模；希臘的銷售稅調整；出售國有資產的長期計劃；以及勞動法的修改。外部批評人士認爲，目前的勞動法對僱主造成了過重的負擔。

On Tuesday, there was no immediate political outcry within Greece. That was in contrast to last Friday when even some members of Mr. Tsipras’s Syriza party criticized even the tentative agreement with the creditors as a sellout.

週二，希臘國內沒有第一時間出現政治抗議。相比之下，上週五，就連齊普拉斯領導的激進左翼聯盟(Syriza)的一些成員，也批評與債權人簽訂的臨時協議是出賣國家利益。

Some analysts, though, predicted tough going for Mr. Tsipras in coming months.

不過，一些分析人士預計，齊普拉斯在未來幾個月將舉步維艱。

“He’s really between a rock and a hard place now,” said Carsten Brzeski, chief economist in Germany for the bank ING. “It will be very hard for him to please both sides of this equation,” said Mr. Brzeski, alluding to the restive Greek electorate — who voted in large numbers for Mr. Tsipras to ditch austerity — and to the country’s creditors, who are demanding that Greece enact sweeping reforms before being given more bailout money.

“他現在真是進退兩難，”荷蘭國際集團(ING)經濟學家卡斯滕·布爾澤斯基(Carsten Brzeski)說。“他很難同時取悅兩頭，”布爾澤斯基指的是不安的希臘選民——他們中很多人投票給齊普拉斯，就是希望他結束緊縮措施——以及該國的債權人，他們正要求希臘在獲得更多救助資金之前實施徹底的改革。

“There is really very little he can sell to his electorate that is linked to his election campaign, apart from a few things like an increase in the minimum wage and a slower pace of privatizations,” Mr. Brzeski said. “His big vote-winners like getting rid of the troika and the bailout program have not happened.”

“除上調最低工資和放慢私有化進程這寥寥幾個辦法，他其實拿不出什麼跟競選承諾有關的東西給他的選民，”布爾澤斯基說。“爲他爭取到了大量選票的承諾，如擺脫三駕馬車和救助計劃，都尚未兌現。”

The troika is the common name of the three bailout monitors — the European Central Bank, the I.M.F. and the European Commission, which is the executive arm of the European Union.

三駕馬車是三大救助監察機構歐洲央行、國際貨幣基金組織和歐盟的執行機構歐盟委員會(European Commission)的俗稱。

Even Tuesday’s milestone is not the final one for Greece. The plan is expected to still require the approval of lawmakers in Greece, Austria, Estonia, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands and Slovakia before a Saturday deadline, when the European portion of the bailout program is set to expire.

對希臘來說，就連週二取得的里程碑式進展也不是最終的版本。該計劃預計依然需要在週六之前獲得希臘、奧地利、愛沙尼亞、芬蘭、德國、荷蘭和斯洛伐克議員的批准。週六是最後期限，是因爲救助計劃中的歐洲部分將於當天期滿。

Even the finance ministers who signed off on the deal Tuesday indicated Greece still had more homework to do. “We call on the Greek authorities to further develop and broaden the list of reform measures, based on the current arrangement, in close coordination with the institutions,” the ministers wrote, referring to the I.M.F. and European Central Bank.

就連週二簽署協議的財長也表示，希臘還有更多準備工作要做。“我們呼籲希臘當局以現有安排爲基礎，與相關機構密切配合，進一步發展和擴大改革規模，”財長們寫道，相關機構指的是國際貨幣基金組織和歐洲央行。

There is little doubt that the lenders will continue to scrutinize Greece’s finances, and they could make additional demands on Athens before making the next loan disbursement, which would be