美國易發槍擊案的社區都有這4個特點大綱

The debate over mass shootings in the United States has become highly politicised in recent years, and doctors are desperately trying to reclaim the conversation using data and reason.

近些年來，美國關於大規模槍擊事件的辯論變得高度政治化，醫生則試圖拼命用數據和推理來挽回對話。

By developing a profile of communities where mass shootings have occurred, last year a trauma research team identified four main social factors that may lead to mass shootings; the list includes lack of access to mental health support and a lack of gun control laws.

通過研究大規模槍擊事件發生社區的檔案，一個創傷研究團隊鑑別了可能導致大規模槍擊的四種社會因素，名單上包括缺少精神健康支持渠道和缺乏槍支管控法律。

To be clear, the research only reveals correlations. But if these factors are found to be truly predictive, they could help inform more effective public health policies.

清楚地說，研究只揭露了相關性。但是如果這些因素真的具有預示性，那麼可以幫助影響更加有效的公共健康政策。

"Traditionally, these shooting incidents get lot of attention because they come into the hospital as trauma," said Stephen Markowiak, a general surgery research fellow at the University of Toledo, Ohio.

“這些槍擊事件歷來得到很多關注，因爲它們在醫院中被診斷爲創傷。”俄亥俄州托萊多大學的一名普通外科研究員斯蒂芬·馬克威阿克說。

"But they really need to be looked at more from a public health perspective as to the types of services we are going to provide for the community and what the implications are for the community."

“但是更需要從公共健康方面看待這些事件，關於我們爲社區提供的服務類型，以及對於社區的影響。”

Access to mental health professionals was found to be one of the key indicators. Communities where mental health care needs were not being met had significantly higher risks of mass shootings.

能夠見到精神健康專家是關鍵因素之一。精神健康保健需求沒有得到滿足的社區發生大規模槍擊事件的概率高很多。

In addition, the closeness of the community was an important factor. The data reveals that those communities with a greater number of daily social interactions were less likely to suffer mass shootings.

此外，社區的親密程度也是很重要的因素。數據揭示，具有大量日常社會互動的社區更少發生大規模槍擊事件。

Of course, money has a role to play here as well. Communities with high levels of income inequality, higher housing costs and higher incidences of overcrowding and lack of utilities were key indicators of mass shootings.

當然，在這方面錢也起着作用。收入差距較大、住房花費更多、過度擁擠發生率更高、缺少公共設施也是大規模槍擊事件的關鍵因素。

The correlation with gun control laws was trickier to determine. At first, the researchers found that communities with stricter gun laws had a 53 percent higher risk of mass shootings.

與槍支管控法規的聯繫則更加微妙。開始時，研究員發現槍支管控更嚴格的社區發生大規模槍擊的風險高53%。