"福爾摩斯"破案竟看疑犯長相好壞?
Witnesses may point the finger at a suspect in a line-up simply because they do not like the way they look, scientists said today. Psychologists have examined what may influence people when picking out a possible perpetrator in an identification parade. And initial research suggests that people are more likely to identify line-up members they dislike and less likely to identify someone they like。
有科學家近日說道，警察辦案並找目擊證人“指認嫌犯”的時候，一般目擊證人指認的的嫌犯都是他們看上去“不喜歡的人”。有心理學家分析，人們在指認一羣“列隊”的人(嫌犯)的時候，一般更傾向指向他們“不喜歡”，或者看不順眼的那個人。
'Most people think their memories are reliable but no-one is exempt from vulnerability to bias.'Some people are more resistant than others; generally, those with better memories of an event are more resistant to biases and those with poorer memories of an event are more vulnerable. 'In a police line-up, the witness goes in thinking they have a job to do.'They assume the police have caught someone and that person is standing in the line-up.'They also assume the police have other information to back up their arrest or suspicions. They think their job is to pick the suspect。
這算“個人偏見”嗎？科學家分析，這種個人喜好對判斷力產生的影響有一部分是由於人們的“記憶力”影響所形成的。有一些人很依賴自己的記憶力，一般來說，記憶力好的人對事情的“偏見程度”很高，因爲他們的腦子太好使了，他們無法不對事情發表自己的見解。反而，相比之下，記憶力不大好的那些人，也就是腦子沒那麼好使的那些人對事情的“偏見程度”沒那麼高。他們不喜歡對事情發表見解，這些人合作的程度比較高。在警察的要求下需要指認嫌犯，一般民衆的合作程度是很高的，人們會覺得自己得到了一份工作，工作就是正確的指認嫌犯。
