中國年度政府工作報告及 China's National People's Congress Key Points

The Chinese government laid out its priorities for the year on Saturday, when Prime Minister Li Keqiang gave his annual state-of-the-nation report to the legislature, the National People’s Congress. Here are highlights from that report and other government documents released at the legislative meeting in the Great Hall of the People.

週六，中國國務院總理李克強在全國人民代表大會(the National People’s Congress)——中國的立法機構——上發表了年度政府工作報告，公佈了今年的政府首要任務。這裏是來自政府工作報告，以及在人民大會堂(the Great Hall of the People)舉行的人大會議上所發佈的其他政府文件的一些重點內容。

The Economy: ‘Problems and Risks’

經濟：“問題與風險”

Mr. Li said China’s economy would grow by 6.5 percent to 7 percent this year. He gave a picture of a government facing some trying times, including — implicitly — problems left by his predecessors.

李克強稱，中國今年國內生產總值將增長6.5%-7%。他表示政府正面臨着艱難時期，還隱晦地指出，其中的一些問題是由他的前任遺留下來的。

“Domestically, problems and risks that have been building up over the years are becoming more evident,” he said in his report. “Downward pressure on the economy is increasing.”

“從國內看，長期積累的矛盾和風險進一步顯現，”他在報告中說道。“經濟下行壓力加大。”

Still, with the right changes, Mr. Li said, it would be possible for China to achieve an average annual growth rate of 6.5 percent from 2016 to 2020.

但李克強表示，只要採取正確的措施，從2016年到2020年，中國的經濟年平均增長率仍有可能達到6.5%。

Pain for Failing Industries

工業衰落之痛

Mr. Li devoted a big part of his report to the potentially painful adjustments to industries that will be needed to shore up growth.

李克強在報告中花了大量篇幅強調，急需提振增長的工業可能要接受令人痛苦的調整。

Gluts of coal, steel, cement and other industrial commodities have been generating heavy pollution but dwindling profits. Mr. Li indicated that China would need to lay off millions of workers in failing factories and mines. But the government will set aside about $15.3 billion to support laid-off workers, he said.

煤炭、鋼鐵、水泥和其他工業產品造成了嚴重的污染，盈利卻在減少。李克強表示，中國需要在衰落的工廠和煤礦中分流數百萬工人，政府則將安排1000億元用於職工分流安置。

“We will focus on addressing the overcapacity in the steel, coal and other industries facing difficulties,” he said. “We will address the issue of ‘zombie enterprises’ proactively yet prudently by using measures such as mergers, reorganizations, debt restructurings and bankruptcy liquidations.”

“重點抓好鋼鐵、煤炭等困難行業去產能，”李克強說，“採取兼併重組、債務重組或破產清算等措施，積極穩妥處置‘殭屍企業’。”

State Corporations in Trouble

困境中的國有企業

A big reason the government needs to reduce excess production was laid out by the Ministry of Finance in a report issued Saturday: the income of many state-owned corporations is plunging. The ministry forecast that in 2016 the operating income of China’s biggest, centrally managed state conglomerations — built to be pillars of the socialist economy — would fall by more than 13 percent. The main reason, it said, was “the falling profits in the oil and petrochemical, steel, coal and other sectors.”

週六發佈的財政部報告說明了政府需要化解過剩產能的一大原因：許多國有企業的收入正在大幅下降。財政部預計，作爲社會主義經濟的支柱，中國大型央企的收益在2016年將減少超過13%。報告稱，主要原因是由於“石油化工、鋼鐵、煤炭和其他產業的利潤下降。”

Energy and the Environment

能源與環境

Even as the Chinese government is trying to shore up economic growth, it is attempting to reduce smog, polluted water and contaminated soil, topics that have stirred popular anger.

儘管中國政府正在嘗試提振經濟增長，它也在試圖減少霧霾、水污染和土地污染。類似的話題已經激發了廣泛的憤怒情緒。

But reducing the pollution blighting many parts of China depends on cutting back on the heavy industry, mining and coal use that underwrite much of the economy.

減少困擾中國多地的污染有賴於削減重工業、礦業和煤炭使用量，而這些都是經濟的重要保障。

The government’s next five-year plan, which was issued along with Mr. Li’s report, laid out goals to cut pollution from this year to the end of 2020. The carbon intensity of the economy — the amount of carbon dioxide pollution released to create each unit of growth — would fall 18 percent over those years, according to the plan.

在做政府工作報告的同時，李克強也公佈了政府的下一個五年規劃。其中明確了今年到2020年底減少污染的目標。根據規劃，碳排放強度，即單位GDP的二氧化碳排放量將在這幾年裏減少18%。

More Than Air Pollution

不僅是空氣污染

For many Chinese citizens, industrial toxins that have soaked into the water and soil are equal, if not greater, worries than smoggy skies. They worry that heavy metals and other pollutants have contaminated so much of the countryside that food is unsafe.

對很多中國民衆來說，滲進地下水和土壤裏的工業毒素，即便不比被霧霾籠罩的天空更令人擔憂，也同樣令人煩惱。他們擔心，農村很多地區都受到了重金屬和其他污染物的污染，因此食物不安全。

The five-year plan includes proposals to expand monitoring of polluted soil, and to set up hundreds of model farming and construction sites to show how toxic earth can be cleaned up. But a lasting solution may be a long way off.

五年規劃中包含了擴大土壤污染的監測範圍，以及設立數百個農業示範基地和建築示範工地，演示如何清理有毒土壤的建議。但離找到長久解決辦法可能還有很長的一段路要走。

Military Spending Slows as Revenue Dips

軍費預算隨政府收入下滑

China surprised many experts when its military budget for the year grew by 7.6 percent, far below the double-digit increases that have become the norm. But the Ministry of Finance report shows that the growth of government revenue is slowing down, along with the general economy. This year, revenues for the central and local governments are projected to grow by 3 percent, about half of last year’s rate of 5.8 percent.

中國今年的軍費預算僅增加7.6%，遠低於此前已成爲常態的兩位數增長。這令很多專家感到意外。但財政部的報告顯示，和總體經濟一樣，政府收入下滑。今年，中央和地方的收入預計會增加3%，大約相當於去年5.8%的增幅的一半。

Old-Fashioned Planning Still Matters

過時的宏偉計劃仍然重要

China has come a long way from the period in the 1950s when it absorbed ideas and expertise from the Soviet Union. But a few legacies persist, including a liking for grand five-year plans, and on Saturday the government released its next blueprint, which will guide the country through to the end of 2020.

距離中國吸收蘇聯思想和專業技術的上世紀五十年代時代已經過去很久了，但少量遺風仍保留了下來，包括喜歡制定宏偉的五年規劃。週六當天，政府便公佈了自己的下一份規劃。一直到2020年底，這份規劃都將是引導中國的綱領性文件。

But there is an important aspect to this old-fashioned planning device where climate change and the planet’s future are concerned. In the latest plan, the government elaborated on its goals to cut carbon dioxide pollution from coal and other fossil fuels, and to expand construction of nuclear power plants, hydropower dams, and solar and wind power.

但在考慮到氣候變化和地球的未來時，這份過時的規劃有一個方面很重要。在最新規劃中，政府詳細介紹了降低煤炭和其他化石燃料造成的二氧化碳污染，以及擴大核電站、水電站、太陽能發電廠和風力發電廠建設的目標。