解剖10個最常見的隨大流心理
Group size
One of the most important factors affecting whether or not people conform is the size of the group around them. Maximum conformity is seen when groups reach between 3 and 5 people.
Add more people and it makes little difference, less than 3, though, and conformity is substantially reduced (Bond, 2005).
人羣大小
影響人們是否隨大流的最重要的因素之一是他們身邊的人羣大小。最明顯的隨大流被發現，當人羣數量達到3至5名時。
增加更多的人對此影響不大，但是少於3個人，從衆心理明顯減少。
Dissent
As soon as there's someone who disagrees, or even just dithers or can't decide, conformity is reduced. Some studies have found conformity can be reduced from highs of 97% on a visual judgement task down to only 36% when there is a competent dissenter in the ranks (Allen & Levine, 1971).
Dissenters must be consistent, though, otherwise they'll fail to convince the majority.
反對的聲音
只要有人不同意，或者猶豫不決，或者下不了決心，從衆心理就會減少。一些研究發現，當軍隊中擁有決定權的人反對時，即使是親眼所見，從衆的人也可能從97%的高點減少到36%。
反對者必須堅持一致，否則就不能成功說服大多數人。
Are they one of us?
People conform much more strongly to others who are in the same group as them. These influences are even stronger for attractive people who we like. Group size and dissent make little difference when the people themselves are not part of 'our' group. In fact we may even go out of our way to do the opposite of an outgroup (David & Turner, 1996).
他們跟我們是同一類人嗎？
人們更容易隨大流當他們遇到跟自己是同一類人時。這些影響力對我們喜歡的有吸引力的人將更強烈。當其他人不是我們同一類人時，人羣大小和反對的聲音區別不大。事實上，我們更可能走相反的路，做非同一類人所做的相反的事。
Your mood
Moods can have complex effects on conformity, but there's some evidence that we're more likely to conform when we're in a good mood than a bad mood (Tong et al., 2007).
One dastardly emotional technique for increasing conformity is using fear-then-relief. Make someone afraid of something, then relieve that fear, then they're more likely to do what you want (Dolinski & Nawrat, 1998).
你的情緒
情緒在從衆心理上有複雜的影響，有證據顯示當我們心情好時更可能隨大流，比我們心情壞時。
一種增加從衆機率的惡毒的情緒控制方法就是運用恐懼加撫慰。先使人害怕某種東西，然後撫慰這種恐懼，那麼他們更容易做你所想的。
Need for structure
While personality might not be as important as the situation in which people are put, it none the less has an effect. Some people have more of a 'need for structure' and consequently are more likely to conform (Jugert et al., 2009).
組織需求
個性也許不會像人們認爲的那樣重要，但仍然有影響。一些人有更多的“組織需求”，緊接着更有可能隨大流。
Social approval
People use conformity to ingratiate themselves with others. Conforming also makes people feel better about themselves by bolstering self-confidence. Some people have a greater need for liking from others so are more likely to conform.
Have you noticed that nonconformers are less likely to care what other people think of them? Nonconformity and self-confidence go hand-in-hand.
社會認可
人們利用隨大流來討好其他人。隨大流可以增加自信使人們自我感覺更好。一些人需要從別人那裏得到更多的認可，所有更可能隨大流。
你是否注意到特立獨行的人很少注意其他人怎樣看待自己？特立獨行和自信形影不離。
Culture
Collectivist cultures (typically East Asian) conform more because nonconformity is more strongly associated with deviance (Kim & Markus, 1999). Western cultures have more individualist attitudes so people from those cultures are less likely in general to conform.
Studies have shown average conformity rates in collectivist cultures of between 25% and 58% whereas average conformity in individualist cultures is between 14% and 39% (Smith & Bond, 1993).
文化因素
集體主義文化（尤其是東亞）更容易從衆，因爲特立獨行和行爲怪異更緊密地聯繫起來。西方文化有更多的個人主義，所以在那種文化中的人通常更少隨大流。
研究顯示，集體主義文化的從衆比率在25%和58%之間，而個人主義文化的比率在14%和39%之間。
Authority
When faced with an authority figure mere conformity can be transformed into obedience. Milgram's studies of obedience show that people will administer dangerous electric shocks if told to by a white-coated authority figure. People don't always blindly follow authority figures though, studies show a huge range in obedience, from 12% to 92% depending on the social context (Smith & Bond, 1993).
The abuse of people's deference to authority figures is central to the psychology of scams.
權威
當面對權威人物時，僅僅的從衆心理將會轉變爲服從。Milgram對服從的研究顯示，被一個位高權重的人訓話時，人們將控制自身的不情願。雖然人們不會盲目跟隨權威人物，研究顯示了大範圍的服從，根據社會地位不同範圍從12%到92%不等。
Social norms
Other people affect us even when they're not present. Whether or not we recycle, litter the street or evade tax often comes down to our perception of society's view. Most of us are strongly influenced by thinking about how others would behave in the same situation we are in, especially when we are unsure how to act (Cialdini, 2001).
The higher we perceive the level of consensus, the more we are swayed. We are also more easily swayed if we know little about the issue ourselves or can't be bothered to examine it carefully.
社會準則
另外一些人影響了我們甚至他們都不需要出現。不管我們是否重新利用社會準則，亂扔垃圾或者逃稅經常成爲我們的社會觀念。我們大多數人被嚴重影響了由於想到其他人遇到我們相同情況時將怎樣表現，尤其是在我們不知所措時。
共識越多，影響越大。我們很容易被影響當我們不瞭解情況或不能仔細檢查情況時。
Reciprocation
The power of reciprocation is frequently undervalued, but it is incredibly strong and influential across all human cultures. On an everyday level it means that if I give you something, you feel compelled to give me something back.
When invited to a dinner party or wedding, we feel a strong compulsion to reciprocate, sometimes against our better judgement.
互換原則
互換原則經常被低估，但是縱觀人類文化，它難以置信地影響深遠。在日常生活中，它暗示一旦我給了你某樣東西，你就會感覺被強迫要給會我某件東西。
當被邀請參加一次晚宴或婚禮時，我們感覺到很大強迫去交換，有時不利於我們更好的判斷。
