告訴你兩種全球認可的測量"聰明"的方法

There's no simple answer to what constitutes 'smart'. These days, we're inclined to think you can't go by intelligence quotient (IQ) results alone, because while these tests are great for measuring separate mental faculties, an IQ number doesn't seem to predict overall intelligence accurately enough.

“聰明”的組成要素是什麼?該問題沒有個簡單的答案。如今，我們傾向於認爲不能單一靠智商測試結果來判斷，因爲這些測驗只適用於測試獨立的心智能力，IQ值目測無法精確地預測整體智力。

Then there is also a measurement called general intelligence or 'g factor'. It was first described by English psychologist Charles Spearman in 1904, and refers to the phenomenon that children who tend to do well at one subject also tend to excel at others; in simple terms, there is a positive correlation between kids' performance in unrelated school tests, which is referred to as a 'positive manifold'.

有種測量方法叫作“一般智力(general intelligence)”或稱“g因素”。其最先由英國心理學家查爾斯·斯皮爾曼在1904年提出——指的是在一個學科上表現很好的兒童在其它科目上也可以超過其他人;簡而言之，在無關聯的各種學校測驗中，孩子們在這些測試中的表現是相互聯繫的，被看成是一種“正極相關”(positive manifold')。

Another commonly cited and prestigious comparison system is PISA, which measures "the competencies of 15-year-olds in reading, mathematics, and science (with a focus on mathematics) in 65 countries and economies", representing more than 80 percent of the world economy.

另一個常被人提到、富有盛名的比較系統是PISA(國際學生能力評估計劃)，PISA測試“65個國家和經濟體中15歲青少年在閱讀、數學和科學(以數學爲中心)方面的能力”，受全球80%以上經濟體的認可。

According to the latest PISA from 2012, Shanghai-China students are the highest performers across the board, with above OECD-average scores in mathematics, reading, and science. You'll also find super-smart kids in Singapore, Hong Kong-China, Japan, Korea, and Finland.

根據2012年國際學生能力評估計劃(PISA)最新數據顯示，中國上海的學生成績全球最高，在數學、閱讀和科學方面得分超過經濟合作發展組織(OECD)的平均水平。新加坡、中國香港、日本、朝鮮和芬蘭也有超級聰明的孩子。