新概念英語第二冊語法精粹：It的用法大綱
一、代詞it
| 用法 | 例句 |
| 代替前文提到過的東西或事情，用作人稱代詞 | This is a new dictionary. I bought it yesterday. 這是一本新詞典，我昨天買的。 Tom joined the army last month. Do you know about it? 湯姆上月入伍了，你知道這事嗎？ |
| 代替指示代詞，起着this或that的作用 | Is this your car? No, it isn’t. 這是你的汽車嗎？不是。 What’s that? —It’s a video. 那是什麼？它是一臺錄像機。 Whose room is this? —It is theirs. 這是誰的房間？是他們的。 |
| 指明某人或某物的身分，還可指不明性別的嬰兒 | Who’s there? It’s me. (It’s John) 誰在那兒？是我。（是約翰） Go and see who it is that rings. It’s Bill. 去看看是誰來的電話，是比爾。 The Greens have a new baby. It’s lovely. 格林家有一個新生嬰兒。它很可愛。 |
| 指時間，距離，自然現象（天氣，氣候，明暗）量度，價值等 | It’s Sunday today. 今天是星期天。 It’s three months since he came here. 自從他來到這裏，已經三個月了。 How far is it to the Great Wall. 到長城有多遠？ It’s getting dark. 天快黑了。 —How much is the coat? —It’s ninety dollars. 這件衣服多少錢？九十美元。 |
二、引導詞it
| 用法 | 例句 | |
| 形式主語 | 代替不定式短語 | It is up to you to decide. 這事要由你決定。 It makes me happy to hear you have recovered. 聽說你恢復了健康，這使我很高興。 |
| 代替動名詞短語 | It’s no good smoking. 吸菸沒有好處。 It’s worthwhile working the whole night on the problem. 用整夜的時間來研究那個問題是值得的。 | |
| 代替主語從句 | It doesn’t matter what you do. 你幹什麼都沒有關係。 It seems that everyone has known the news. 好象大家都知道這個消息。 | |
| 形式賓語 | 代替不定式短語 | I consider it better to be early. 我認爲能夠早一些更好。 We found it impossible to get there before July . 我們覺得，要在七月以前到達那裏是不可能的。 |
| 代替動名詞短語 | We thought it no use doing that. 我們認爲做那事沒有用。 | |
| 代替賓語從句 | The teacher makes it clear that everyone should hand in his homework on time. 老師清楚地指出，每個人都應該按時交作業。 |
三、it在強調結構中
強調句型：It is (was) +被強調部分+ that (who) + 其它
| 強調部分 | 例句 | |
| 主語 | It is I who am to blame. 是我該受責怪。 It was your uncle that (who) came yesterday. 昨天來的是你叔叔。 | |
| 賓語 | It was a new pen that Mother gave me . 母親給我的是一支新鋼筆。 | |
| 狀語 | 地點 | It was in the classroom that I left my umbrella. 我把雨傘就落在了教室裏。 |
| 時間 | It is at eleven that the train leaves. 火車是在十一點鐘離開。 | |
| 方式 | It was just as he ordered that I acted. 我正是照他吩咐的那樣做的。 | |
| 原因 | It was because he was in trouble that I tried my best to help him. 正是因爲他處境困難我才盡力幫助他。 | |
| 賓補 | It was red that we painted the gate. 我們把門油漆成紅的顏色。 It was chairman that they elected him . 他們選他擔任的是主席的職務。 | |
說明：原句的謂語動詞如果是現在或將來時態用It is … that (who)如果原句謂語動詞是過去時態，則用It was … that (who)。在強調時間，地點，原因或方式時不要用when, where, how, 必須用that。
【專項訓練】
1、"Do you like fish?""Yes, I like ______."
A．× B．it C．that D．them
2、______ today?
A．How is it B．What is it C．What is it like D．How is the weather.
3、"Do you want a watch?""______."
A．Yes, I want it . B．Yes, I want one. C．No, I've got it. D．No, I've got the watch.
4、"Whose exercise-book is that?" "______ hers"
A．That is B．This is C．It's D．Its
5、______ won't take long to get to Shanghai by air.
A．That B．He C．It D．This
6、What he has done helps us a lot, ______?
A．isn't he B．doesn't he C．isn't it D．doesn't it
7、We all thought ______ no use doing that.
A．it B．that C．this D．there
8、I took it for granted ______ you would come to our party.
A．when B．why C．for what D．that
9、How happy ______ to be able to study and live together with you!
A．that will be B．is it C．will it be D．it will be
10、I thought it to be ______.
A．him B．he C．its D．she
11、______ very foolish of you to say so.
A．It's B．Its C．That's D．This
12、It's not his habit ______ for things.
A．asks B．ask C．to ask D．asked
13、It has been a great honour ______ coming to visit me.
A．they B．you C．she D．he
14、I found ______ to hear what he said.
A．that difficulty B．it difficulty C．that difficult D．it difficult
15、He is fifty , but doesn't ______.
A．look at it B．look for it C．look it D．look him
16、It was ______ who telephoned me yesterday.
A．him B．his C．himself D．he
17、The sentence ______ is wrong.
A．its B．it C．itself D．it's
18、______ is no doubt that he will succeed in his experiment.
A．It B．This C．That D．There
19、It seems ______ John's not coming after all.
A．this B．that C．if D．to
20、______ was a handbag that John gave Mary at Christmas.
A．It B．This C．That D．Such
21、Was ______ the room ______ the famous writer had ever lived in?
A．that, it B．it , that C．it , where D．that, which
22、______ is said that he has been to many places in the United States.
A．This B．He C．It D．That
23、What ______ you want me to do?
A．it is B．that C．is this D．is it that
24、Is ______ not important who will go?
A．it B．that C．this D．×
25、Why is it ______ everyone thinks he's a thief?
A．because B．as C．when D．that
26、______ being Sunday, the library was closed.
A．What B．It C．That D．This
27、Is ______ believed ______ he is ill?
A．it, that B．he, that C．it, if D．he, for
28、______ is known to us ______ Mary dances best.
A．She, × B．It, that C．It, she D．She, who
29、"What's this?""______ a flag."
A．This is B．That's C．It's D．Its
30、Jack is ill. Have you heard about ______?
A．him B．it C．this D．that
改錯：下列每句所給的選項中，各有一項是錯的，請指出並改正。
1、He is certain that the secretary will be there.
A B C D
2、I think that a good idea to get up early.
A B C D
3、It makes me feel sad that see you.
A B C D
4、Do you find it very dull live here?
A B C D
5、It is no use to cry over spilt milk.
A B C D
(後設答案，大家不要偷看哦，(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……)
KEYS
1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. D
7. A 8. D 9. D 10. A 11. A 12. C
13. B 14. D 15. C 16. D 17. C 18. A
19. B 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A
25. D 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. B
改錯：
1. A He－it
2. B that－it
3. C that－to
4. D live前加to
5. C to cry－crying
