英語基礎知識中被動語態特點和用法
學習英語要從基礎開始入門,在學習的過程中掌握學習方法可以有效提高學習效率。下面,小編給大家整理了英語基礎入門需要掌握的被動語態的特點和用法,大家可以作爲學習的參考。
一、被動語態的構成形式
1. 被動語態的基本時態變化
被動語態通常爲十種時態的被動形式, 被動語態由be+過去分詞構成,be隨時態的變化而變化。以do爲例,各種時態的被動語態形式爲:
1) am/is/are +done (過去分詞) 一般現在時
例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
2) has /have been done 現在完成時
例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.
3) am/is /are being done 現在進行時
例A new cinema is being built here.
4) was/were done 一般過去時
例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
5) had been done 過去完成時
例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
6) was/were being done 過去進行時
例A meeting was being held when I was there.
7) shall/will be done 一般將來時
例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
8) should/would be done 過去將來時
例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
9) shall/will have been done 將來完成時(少用)
例The project will have been completed before July.
2. 被動語態的特殊結構形式
1)帶情態動詞的被動結構。其形式爲:情態動詞+be+過去分詞。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2) 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語,在用於被動結構時,可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變爲主語,另一賓語仍然保留在謂語後面。通常變爲主語的是間接賓語。
例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改爲 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
3) 當“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結構變爲被動語態時,將賓語變爲被動結構中的主語,其餘不動。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改爲The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4)在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等後面不定式作賓語補語時,在主動結構中不定式to要省略,但變爲被動結構時,要加to。
例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改爲A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
5) 有些相當於及物動詞的動詞詞組,如“動詞+介詞”,“動詞+副詞”等,也可以用於被動結構,但要把它們看作一個整體,不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。
例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
3. 非謂語動詞的被動語態
v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動語態(一般時態和完成時態) 。
例I don't like being laughed at in the public.
學習英語的方法有很多,只要掌握了適合自己的方法,英語學習並沒有想象中的難。在這裏,小編給大家推薦網,這是一個專業的英語學習平臺,網上面有很多針對英語基礎學習的方法和資訊,對大家學習英語能起到很大的幫助。