初三上英語知識點
著名英語大師許國璋先生曾經説過:“學外語,要眼尖、耳明、嘴勤、手快。只要多讀、多記、多講、多寫,自有水到渠成之日。”所以學習初三上英語知識要勤學苦練。本站為大家整理了初三英語上知識點,歡迎大家閲讀!
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Unit 1
一:知識點
: ①通過…..方式(途徑)。例:I learn English by listening to tapes.
②在…..旁邊。例:by the window/the door
③乘坐交通工具 例:by bus/car
④在……之前,到……為止。例:by October在10月前
⑤被 例:English is spoken by many people.
與what的區別:
how通常對方式或程度提問,意思有:怎麼樣 如何,通常用來做狀語、表語。
what通常對動作的發出者或接受者提問,意思為 什麼,通常做賓語,主語。
How is your summer holiday? It’s OK.(how表示程度 做表語)
How did you travel around the world? I travel by air.
What do you learn at school? I learn English, math and many other subjects.
d, loud ,loudly 均可做副詞。
aloud 出聲地 大聲地 多與read 、speak連用
例如:read aloud 朗讀 speak aloud説出聲來
loud 大聲地 響亮地 loudly 高聲地 多指喧鬧聲和不悦耳的聲音。
5. voice 指人的嗓音 也指鳥鳴。 sound 指人可以聽到的各種聲音。 noise 指噪音、吵鬧聲
6. find + 賓語 + 賓補(名詞 形容詞 介詞短語 分詞等)
例:I find him friendly. I found him working in the garden.
We found him in bed. He found the window closed.
7. 常見的系動詞有: ①是:am 、is、 are ②保持:keep、 stay
③ 轉變:become、 get、 turn ④ ……起來 feel、 look、 smell、 taste、 sound
8. get + 賓語 + 賓補(形容詞 過去分詞 動詞不定式) 使某種情況發生
例:Get the shoes clean. 把鞋擦乾淨 Get Mr. Green to come. 讓格林先生進來
I want to get my bike repaired. 我想去修自行車
You can’t get him waiting. 你不能讓他老等着
9. 動詞不定式做定語
①與所修飾的名詞構成主謂關係
The next train to arrive was from New York. He is always the first to come.
②與所修飾的名詞構成動賓關係
I have nothing to say. I need a pen to write with.
I need some paper to write on. I don’t have a room to live in.
10. practice , fun 做名詞為不可數名詞 11. add 補充説 又説
12. join 加入某團體 併成為其中一員 attend 出席參加會議或講座
join in與take part in指參加到某項活動中去。
、 both、 always以及every複合詞與not連用構成部分否定。其完全否定為:all---none, both---neither, everything---nothing, everybody---nobody.
afraid of害怕 be afraid to害怕 be afraid that恐怕擔心,表示委婉語氣
er:
①放在否定句末表示“也” ②兩者中的“任一”
③either…or… 或者…或者.…引導主語部分,謂語動詞按照就近原則處理
lete完成,是個較正式的詞,後不能接動名詞 finish指日常事物的完成
17.a,an 與序數詞連用表示“又一”,“再一”。
例:Please give me a second apple. There comes a fifth girl.
trouble/difficult/problem (in) doing….. 幹…..遇到麻煩,困難
ss 除非,如果不,等於“if not”本身就表示否定,引導條件狀語從句,主句為將來時,條件狀語從句用一般現在時表示將來。
例:My baby sister doesn’t cry unless she’s hungry.
=My baby sister doesn’t cry if she isn’t hungry.
Unless you take more care, you’ll have an accident.如果你不多加小心的話,你會出事的。
ead:adv 代替,更換。
例:We have no coffee, would you like tea instead? 我們沒有咖啡了,改喝茶好嗎?
Stuart was ill, so I went instead. 斯圖爾病了,所以換了我去。
instead of 作為某人或某事物的替換
例:Let’s play cards instead of watching TV.
Give me the red one instead of the green one.
en 口頭的,口語的。 Speaking 講話的,説某種語言的。
二,短語:
making flashcards 通過做單詞抽認卡 2. ask…for help 向某人求助
aloud 朗讀 way (=in that way) 通過那種方式
ove my speaking skills 提高我的會話技巧
example (=for instance)例如 fun 玩得高興
conversations with friends 與朋友對話
excited 高興,激動
up speaking in Chinese 以説漢語結束對話
a survey about… 做有關…的調查 an English notebook 記英語筆記en English (= oral English) 英語口語 mistakes 犯錯誤
the pronunciation right 使發音準確
tise speaking English 練習説英語 t of all 首先 n with 以…開始 r on 隨後
class在課堂上 ht at 嘲笑
notes 記筆記 y doing 喜歡幹…
e down 寫下,記下
up (v + adv) 查找,查詢 ve speakers 説本族話的人
up 編造,虛構,化粧,打扮 nd the world 全世界
with 對待,處理,解決 y about (be worried about) 擔心,擔憂
angry with 生某人的氣 angry 生氣
by 消逝 34. regard…as… 把…當做…
lain about/of 抱怨 36. change…into… 把…變成… (= turn into)
the help of 在…的幫助下 38. compare…to (with)… 把…和…作比較
k of (think about) 想起,想到 ical problems身體上的問題
k off 中斷,突然終止 42. not…at all 根本不,全然不
三,句子
1. How do you study for a test? 你怎樣為考試做準備?
2. I have learned a lot that way. 用那種方法,我已經學到了很多東西。
’s too hard to understand the voice. 聽懂那些聲音太難了。
rizing the words of pop songs also helped a little.記流行歌曲的詞也起作用。
5. Wei Ming feels differently. 衞明有不同的感受。
finds watching movies frustrating. 他覺得看電影讓人感到沮喪.
added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all.
她又説和朋友對話根本沒用。
8.I don’t have a partner to practice English with. 我沒有搭檔一起練習英語。
r on, I realized that it doesn’t matter if you don’t understand every word.隨後,我認識到聽不懂每個詞並沒有關係。
’s amazing how much this helped. 我驚異於這些方法竟如此有用。
teacher is very impressed. 給老師留下了深刻的印象。
had trouble making complete sentences. 她很難造出完整的句子。
do you think you are doing? 你在做什麼?
people speak English as a second language. 英語對於大多數人來説是第二語言。
do we deal with our problem? 我們怎樣處理我們的問題?
is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge in our education with the help of our teachers. 在老師的幫助下盡我們最大的努力來應對挑戰是我們的責任。
He can’t walk or even speak.他無法走路,甚至無法説話
Unit 2
一. 知識點
1. used to 過去常常做某事,暗指現在已經不存在的動作或狀態. 後跟動詞原形.
否定形式為: didn’t use to 或 usedn’t to 疑問形式為: Did…use to…? 或 Used…to…?
be/get used to 習慣於, to 為介詞.
2. wear 表示狀態. put on 表示動作. dress + 人 給某人穿衣服.
3. on the swim team on 是…的成員,在…供職.
4. Don’t you remember me? 否定疑問句.
Yes, I do. 不, 我記得. No, I don’t 是的, 我不記得了.
5. 反意疑問句:
① 陳述部分的主語為 this, that, 疑問部分主語用it; 陳述部分主語用 these, those, 疑問部分用they 做主語.
例: This is a new story, isn’t it? Those are your parents, aren’t they?
② 陳述部分是 there be 結構, 疑問部分仍用 there
例: There was a man named Paul, wasn’t there?
③ I am 後的疑問句, 用aren’t I
例: I am in Class 2, aren’t I?
④ 陳述部分與含有 not, no, never, few, little, hardly, seldom, neither, none 等詞時,疑問部分用肯定.
例: Few people liked this movie, didn’t they?
但陳述句中若帶有否定前綴或後綴的單詞時, 這個句子仍視為肯定, 後面仍用否定.
例: Your sister is unhappy, isn’t she?
⑤ 陳述部分的主語若為不定式或 V-ing 短語, 疑問部分主語用it.
例: To spend so much money on clothes is unnecessary, isn’t it?
⑥ 陳述句中主語是 nobody, no one, everyone, everybody 等指人的不定代詞時,疑問部分用they做主語; 若陳述部分主語是 something, anything, noting, everything 等指事物的不定代詞時, 疑問部分用it 做主語.
例: Nobody says one word about the accident, do they?
Everything seems perfect, doesn’t it?
⑦ 當主語是第一人稱I時, 若謂動為think, believe, guess 等詞時, 且其後跟賓叢,這時疑問句部分的人稱, 時態要與賓語從句保持一致, 同時還要考慮否定轉移.
例: I don’t think he can finish the work in time, can he?
⑧ 前面是祈使句, 後用 will you? (let’s 開頭時, 後用shall we?)
6. be terrified of 害怕的程度比 be afraid of 深.
7. miss: ① 思念, 想念 例: I really miss the old days. ② 錯過, 未中, 未趕上, 未找到.
例: It’s a pity that you miss the bus.
8. no more (用在句中)=not…any more (用在句尾) 指次數;
no longer (用在句中)=not…any longer (用在句尾) 指時間.
9. right: ① adj. 正確的, 對的, 右邊的② n. 右方, 權利③ adv. 直接地.
10. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. = Yu Mei seems to have changed a lot.
11. afford + n. /pron. afford + to do 常與can, be able to 連用.
例: Can you afford a new car?
The film couldn’t afford to pay such large salaries.
12. as well as 連詞, 不但…而且… 強調前者. (若引導主語, 謂動與前者在人稱和數上一致
例: Living things need air and light as well as water. 生命不僅需要水, 還需要空氣和陽光.
13. alone = by oneself 獨自一人. lonely 孤獨的, 寂寞的.
14. in the last/past + 一段時間 during the last/past + 一段時間 與現在完成時連用.
15. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) dying (垂死的)
二. 短語
1. be more interested in 對…更感興趣.2. on the swim team 游泳隊的隊員.
3. be terrified of 害怕.4. gym class 體操課.5. worry about. 擔心.
6. all the time 一直, 總是7. chat with 與…閒聊8. hardly ever 幾乎從不
9. walk to school = go to school on foot
take the bus to school = go to school by bus
10. as well as 不僅…而且 11. get into trouble 遇到麻煩
12. make a decision 做出決定 13. to one’s surprise 使某人吃驚的是
14. take pride in 為…感到驕傲 15. pay attention to 留心, 注意
16. consist of 由…組成/構成. be made up of 由…組成/構成.
17. instead of 代替, 而不是 18. in the end 最後, 終於
19. play the piano 彈鋼琴
三.句子
1.I used to be afraid of the dark. 我以前害怕黑暗.
2.I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我開着卧室的燈睡覺.
3.I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends.
以前我常常花很多時間和我的朋友們玩遊戲.
4.I hardly ever have time for concerts. 我幾乎沒有時間去聽音樂會.
life has changed a lot in the last few years.
will make you stressed out. 那會使你緊張的.
seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. 玉梅似乎變化很大.
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初三上英語知識點3-4單元Unit 3
一.知識點
1.被動語態的謂語動詞形式: be的各種時態形式+v-ed
含情態動詞的: can/may/must/should be + v-ed
+ n./pron. + v-ed 叫/讓/請別人做某事(即使謀事被做)
例: I want to get my coat mended. 我要縫衣服.
w sb to do sth 允許某人做… allow doing sth 允許做…
e : ① 駕車,駕駛. ② 驅趕,驅使.
例: What drives them to rob the shop? 什麼驅使他們去搶商店?
id silly foolish 三個詞都有“蠢”的意思.但略有不同id 程度最強,指智力 理解力 學習能力差. silly 指頭腦簡單,傻頭傻腦,使人覺得可笑,帶有感情色彩. foolish 尤其在口語中廣泛使用.
例: He is stupid in learning math. 他學習數學很笨.
Stop asking such silly questions. 別再問這樣傻的問題了.
You are foolish to throw away such a good chance. 你真蠢,丟掉這樣一個好機會.
doesn’t seem to have many friends.=It seems that he doesn’t have many friends.
=He seems not to have many friends.
7.倒裝句: So + be動詞/助動詞/情態動詞+主語(前為肯定局) 表示與前面所述事實一致.
Neither/Nor + be動詞/助動詞/情態動詞+主語(前為否定) 表示與前面所述事實一致.
例: He likes oranges. So do we. He doesn’t like oranges. Neither do we.
Tom can swim. So can John. Tom can’t swim. Neither can John.
So +主語+ be動詞/助動詞/情態動詞 表示對前面事實的進一步確認.
例: Henry is very tired. So he is.(的確是)
He surfed Internet for two hours. So he did.(的確是)
They will win the game. So they will.(他們會的)
l 用於肯定句中,前面句子中的謂動必須是延續性的.
n (v.) 打掃,清理 clean up 比較徹底地打掃,清理 clean out 打掃,清理地最徹底.
a test = fail in a test 考試不及格
strict with+人. be strict in+事物.
例: The head teacher is strict with his students He is strict in the work.
other day 前幾天,不久前的一天.(用於過去時)
entrate on… 全神貫注做…
例: This company concentrates on China market. 這家公司把重點放在中國市場上.
14. more…than…①與其説…不如説…; 比…更…
例: The man is more stupid than nervous.與其説那人緊張,倒不如説他愚蠢.
②在這一結構中,more做adj. 修飾名詞,表示“比…多”
例:I have more books than you. 我的書比你的多.
nteer ① n. 自願者. ② v. volunteer to do sth. 自願做…
例: We all volunteered to help in the old people’s home.我們都志願到敬老院幫忙. ce 指僥倖的,偶爾的機會,還可表示“可能性”
opportunity 指有利的時機,良機. 二者有時可以互換.
Have an opportunity to do sth 有做…的機會.
Don’t be too frustrated. You’ll have another opportunity to go to college next year. 別太沮喪了,你還有上大學的機會.
17. experience : ①可數名詞 “經歷,體驗” 例: Please tell us something about your experiences.②不可數名詞 “經驗” 例: He is a man of rich experience.
③動詞“經歷” 例: She experienced lots of suffering.
18. off 不工作,不上班,不上學,不值班.
例: I think I’ll take the afternoon off. 我想下午歇班.
She is off today. 她今天休息.
I have three days off next week. 下週我有三天假.
19. reply 與 answer 兩者有時可通用. reply比answer正式,一般指經過思考的.有針對性的,詳細的回答,往往與to連用er是一般用語,可直接帶賓語.
另外answer還有“應答”之意.如answer the door/telephone
20. get in the way (of)... 妨礙...
例: He never gets in others’ way. 他從不妨礙別人.
The bikes over there will get in the way of others. 自行車放在那裏會妨礙別人的.
21. success (n.) successful (adj.) succeed (v.)
22. do does did 用在另一個動詞前表示強調.
例: He does speak well. 他真的講的很好. Do be quiet. 務必安靜.
23. in the end = finally = at last 最後.
24. importance (n.) important (adj.)
25. be serious about 對…熱忠/極感興趣.
例: I’m serious about the problem.
To tell you the truth, I’m not serious about math at all.
26. only 處於句首,並後跟狀語時,全句需要倒裝.
例: Only then did he understand it. 只有到那時,他才明白.
Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有這樣我們才能把英語學好.
Only when she came home, did he learn the news. 當她到家時,他才得知了這消息.
27. care about 關心,在乎,在意.
例: No one cares about others nowadays. 現在沒人關心別人.
I don’t care about what he does. 我並不在意他幹什麼.
28. clothes 統指身上穿的各種服裝,包括上衣,褲子,內衣等,做主語,謂語動詞按複數處理.
clothing 不可數名詞,是服裝的總稱,包括各種衣服,帽子,鞋襪等.做主語謂動按單三處理. cloth 布料.
二.短語
1. be allowed to do sth 被允許幹… allow sb to do sth 允許某人幹…
allow doing sth 允許幹…
2. sixteen-year-olds = sixteen-year-old boys and girls 16歲的孩子
3. part-time jobs 兼職工作 4. a driver’s license 駕照
5. on weekends 在週末 6. at that age 在那個年齡段
7. on school nights 在上學期間的每個晚上 8. stay up 熬夜
9. clean up (相當與及物動詞) 清掃 10. fail (in) a test 考試不及格
11. take the test 參加考試 12. the other day 前幾天
13. all my classmates 我所有的同學 14. concentrate on 全神貫注於
15. be good for 對…有益 16. in groups 成羣的,按組的
17. get noisy 吵鬧(系表結構) 18. learn from 向某人學習
19. at present 目前,現在 20. have an opportunity to do sth 有做…的機會
ish-English dictionary 英英詞典 22. at least 至少
t hours’ sleep a night 每晚8小時的睡眠
24. an old people’s home 敬老院 25. take time to do sth 花費時間幹…
26. primary schools 小學 27. have…off 放假,休息
28. reply to 回答,答覆 29. get in the way of 妨礙
30. a professional athlete 職業運動員 31. achieve one’s dreams 實現夢想
32. think about 思考,考慮 33. in the end 最後,終於
34. be serious about 對…熱忠/極感興趣
35. spend…on + n. spend …(in) + v-ing 在…上花費時間/金錢
36. care about 關心,擔心,在乎 37. agree with 同意…
三.句子
1. I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced.
我認為不應該允許12歲的孩子穿耳孔.
talk instead of doing homework. 他們聊天而不是做作業.
is allowed to stay up until 11:00 pm. 允許他們熬到晚上11點.
should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often.
我們應該被允許更加經常的花些時間多做這類事情.
school rules do you think should be changed?
你認為學校的哪些制度應該改一改了?
two pairs of jeans both look good on me. 這兩條牛仔褲穿在我身上都適合.
classroom is a real mess. 教室太髒了.
ld I be allowed to make my own decisions?
then will I have a chance of achieving my dream. 只有這樣我才能實現我的夢想.
should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much as they want.
應該允許他們對業餘愛好想練多長時間就練多長時間.
have nothing against running. 我們沒有理由反對他跑步.
Unit 4
一、知識點
1、①give sb sth=give sth to sb
類似的詞還有:pass、lend、show、write、send等
②buy sb sth=buy sth for sb
類似的詞還有:make、draw、cook等
2、hundred 、thousand、mi11ion與數字連用不能用複數。
hundreds of、thousands of、mi11ions of中必須用複數。
3、look for尋找find找到、發現
find out指經過觀察、探索、調查等弄清楚、弄明白。
discover 指發現那些客觀存在而不為人所知的實情。如科學上的重大發現。
4、bring 帶來 take 帶走 fetch 去並拿來
5、talk to/with sb 同××説話。
tell 告訴, 分辨,辨別。
speak to sb 同××説話,做及物動詞,後跟語言。
say 後跟名詞、代詞及賓語從句做賓語,着重強調説話內容。
6、What if …… 如果……將會怎麼樣?(引導條件狀語從句、疑問句)
eg What if she doesn’t come? 她要是不來怎麼辦?
What if your parent don’t agree? 如果你的父母不同意怎麼辦?
What if you should fall sick? 如果你生病了怎麼辦?
7、before 引導一個句子,為連詞。後跟短語或名詞等,則為介詞。
8、food 表示食品種類,一種食物時,為可數名詞
eg fried foods 油炸食品 break foods 早餐食品 frozen foods 冷凍食品
9、複數名詞可表示一類食品(如 dogs)
a/an+單數可數名詞可表示一類(如 a dog)
10、confident(adj.) confidence(n.)
11、What does/do ×× look like? 問相貌。
What’s ×× like? 問“品質性格”。
12、 give a speech 做演講 have a speech聽演講 give a report 做報告
have a report 聽報告
13、permission (n.) 允許,許可 permit (v.) 允許
14、plenty of 充足的,相當多的。修飾可數或不可數名詞,只能用於肯定句。否定、疑問句中用 enough.
15、not……in the slightest=not……at all 根本不
16、company ①公司 ②一羣人,一夥人 ③ 陪伴
17、get along (with)=get on (with)
①進行,進展
eg The business is getting along very well. 生意進展的很順利。
How are you getting along with your English study? 你的英語學習進展的怎麼樣了?
②相處
eg Do you get along with your boss?= Do you and your boss get along? 你跟老闆合得來嗎?
I’m getting along very well with my classmates. 我和同學們相處得很好。
18、would rather … than … (= would … rather than)寧願,而不願。
前後連接兩個動詞原形,否定形式為:would rather not do sth
①would rather … than … = prefer … to …
但prefer … to … 若連接兩個動詞,動詞應為v-ing 形式。
eg He would rather jog than play football.=He prefers jogging to playing football.
②would rather 常單獨使用,表示“寧願做…”
eg He would rather watch TV at home.
③rather than = instead of 而不是
連接兩個並列成分,前後對稱。
eg I’d prefer to go to in summer rather than in winter.
I decided to write rather than telephone.
I like going out with you rather than with him.
She enjoys listening rather than speaking.
19、today、here、there、downstairs、upstairs、above、below做賓語修飾名詞,放在名詞之後
eg the weather today今天的天氣 people here這裏的人們the man downstairs樓下的那個男的
the passage below 下面的這段話
20、a little = a bit 修飾形容詞、副詞 a little = a bit of 修飾不可數名詞
21、There is an English speech contest next month
用一般現在時表示將來,表示計劃或安排好的動作,或者日曆、時刻表的規定內容。
22、the rest 其餘的,可指代可數或不可數名詞。The other(s) 只能指代可數名詞
23、come up with 提出或提出(答案、方法)等。類似於think of.
eg How would you come up with this idea? 你怎樣想出這個注意的?
My brother is a person who often comes up with good idea.我弟弟是個常常能想出好點子的人
24、offer 提供 offer sb sth 給××…… offer to sb sth 主動提出幹……
二、短語
1、give it to charity 把它捐給慈善機構 2、medical research 醫學研究
3、What if …… 如果…怎麼樣? 4、get nervous 緊張
5、take a big exam 參加大考 6、help with 有助於
7、in public 在公共場合 8、hardly ever 幾乎不
9、the whole school 全校 10、without permission 為經許可
11、be(make) friends with 與…交朋友 12、ask one’s permission 請求××的允許
13、introduce…to… 把…介紹給… 14、invite…to do… 邀請…幹…
15、social situations 社會環境 16、not… in the slightest 根本不,一點也不
17、right away 立刻,馬上 18、all day 全天
19、be friendly to 對…友好 20、at lunch time 在午飯時間
21、a bit shy 有點害羞 22、English speech contest 英語演講比賽
23、represent the class 代表班級 24、come top 名列第一(前茅)
25、let … down 使…失望 26、come up with 提出、想出
27、be sure of + n./pron. 28、the rest of the students 其餘的學生
be sure to do 相信… 29、have a lot of experience (in) doing sth
be sure +that 從句 在做某事方面有經驗
30、deal with 對付,處理 31、come out 出版
32、give advice on… 在…方面提出意見、建議 33、by accident 偶然地,無意之中
34、hurry to do sth 匆匆忙忙幹… 35、an internet friend 網友
三、句子
1、He doesn’t know if he should bring a present. 他不知道是否該帶禮物。
2、You shouldn’t worry about what other people say.你不應該考慮別人説什麼。
3、What will you do if you had a million dollars? 如果你有一百萬美元,你會幹什麼?
4、If I were you, I ‘d take a small present.如果我是你,我會帶一個小禮物。
5、I’m too tired to do well.我太累了,沒考好。
6、Dogs can be a lot of trouble.狗會帶來很多麻煩。
7、What are you like? 你是什麼樣的人?
8、I’d invite him/her to have dinner at my house.我會邀請他(她)到我家吃飯。9、You enjoy the company of other people.你喜歡別人的陪伴。
10、I feel nervous talking in front of many people.我在眾人面前講話時感到緊張。11、She always comes top in the school exams.她在學校的考試中總是名列前茅。
12、She doesn’t want to let her friends down.她不願讓朋友失望。
13、If I were you, I’ll get out of here.如果我是你,我會離開這裏。
虛擬語氣
一、詞的語氣
指我們平常説的説話人説話的口氣。(在英語中,語氣除了指語調以外,最主要的是通過動詞發生變化而表示不同語氣)
英語中的語氣分為三類:
陳述語氣(用於陳述句、疑問句、感歎句)
祈使語氣(用於祈使句)
虛擬語氣(用於條件狀語從句、賓語從句等)
二、虛擬語氣
如果所説的不是事實,而是一種假設、願望、建議或是一種實現不了的空想,就用虛擬語氣。
三、虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法
1、真實條件狀語從句與非真實條件狀語從句
eg If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真實條件狀語)
If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.(真實條件狀語)
If I were you, I would go at once.(非真實條件狀語從句)
If there was no air, people would die.(非真實條件狀語從句)
2、虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法及動詞形式
① 表示與現在事實相反的情況
(條件)從句謂語動詞形式 主句謂語動詞形式
謂語動詞用過去式(be用were) should/would/could/might+動詞原形
eg:If I were you, I’d take an umbrella.如果我是你,我會帶把傘。(事實:我不可能是你)
If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.
如果我知道他的電話號碼,我就會告訴你。(事實:不知道)
If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果沒有水和空氣,地球上就不會有生物。(事實:地球上既有空氣也有水)
If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.
如果我帶錢了,我就會借給你些。(事實:沒帶錢)
If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他在努力些,就能通過考試了。(事實:學習不用功)
②表示與過去事實相反的情況
從句謂語動詞形式 主句謂語動詞形式
Had+過去分詞 Should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞
eg If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.
如果我早到那兒,我就會見到她。(事實:去晚了)
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.
如果他聽我的勸告的話,就不會犯這樣的錯誤了。(事實:沒有聽我的話)
③表示對將來情況的主觀推測(可能相反或可能性很小)
從句 例句 主句
① were
If+主語 ② did
③were to do
(①通常與一個表示時間狀語連用)其 中were to do可能性最小,
should+動詞原形。 If it rained tomorrow our picnic
would be put off.
萬一那天下雨,我們的郊遊
就推遲。
should/would do might
主句 /could
eg: If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him.
如果他哪天來這兒的話,我就跟他談談。(事實:來的可能性很小)
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.
如果下週日下大雪,我們就不能去滑冰了,(事實:不知能否下雪)
If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.
如果她下週一來這兒的話,我就會告訴她這件事得始末。
四、虛擬語氣的其他用法
1、虛擬語氣用在wish 後的賓語從句
a、表示與現在事實相反的願望,謂語動詞用過去式
eg: I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那樣的頭腦。(事實:我根本比不上你)
b、表示過去事實相反的願望,謂語動詞:had+v-ed
eg: I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原來知道這件事的真相。(事實:原來不知道)
c、表示將來難以實現的願望
謂語動詞:should/would + 動詞原形
eg: I wish I should have a chance again.很難再有這樣的機會了。(事實:很難再有這樣的機會了)
②虛擬語氣用在suggest(建議)、insist(堅持)、demand(要求)、order(命令)等動詞後的賓語從句中。
在這種用法中,無論主句謂語動詞為何種時態,從句的謂語動詞都用:“should + 動
詞原形”或只用“動詞原形”。
如 He suggested
He insisted
He demand that we (should) take the teacher’s advice
He ordered
初三上英語知識點第5單元Unit 5
一、知識點:
1、情態動詞表示推測:
(1)must常用於肯定句中,意為“準是、一定”,它表達的肯定程度最大,可以達到100%。
(2)could、might、may的意思是“可能、也許”,表示推測,它們所表達的肯定程度較低,這三個詞相比may的可能性稍大一些;他們的肯定程度在20%至80%。
(3)can’t的意思之“不可能”,它相應的肯定形式是must;它的可能性為0% 。
(4)must、could、might和can’t的後面可用一般現在時、現在進行時,表示對現在的動作、狀態或正在進行的動作的推測。
例:He might/could be playing basketball now.他現在可能正在打籃球。
I’m sure that she can’t stay at home.我確信她不在家。
He must be walking in the garden.他肯定在花園裏散步。
2、 author與writer:
author單純製作者或作品;writer的意思較多,有“作者、抄寫員”等。
3、drop:(1) vt.(及物動詞)意思是(有意或無意)讓掉下來、投下;放棄、不再幹。
例:She dropped the teapot.
He dropped it into the mail-box.
I want to drop math.
(2)vi.(不及物動詞)意思是掉下、落下;下降、降低(可與fall互換),
例:The man dropped from the top of the building.
The temperature has suddenly dropped.
Prices dropped.
(3) n.(可數)滴、點滴, a few drops of rain幾滴雨
4、exam:用在正式場合,指入學考試,期中、期末考試,正式等級考試。
test:意思是測驗、考查、小考,指非正式的階段性的測試。
quiz:測驗、口試、筆試,只簡單的臨時性的考試。
5、too much太多 much too實在太
6、garbage、rubbish、junk和waste:
(1)garbage廢料、垃圾;(廚房倒棄的)剩飯、剩菜。
(2)rubbish=trash垃圾,普通用語,指各種垃圾,英國人常用rubbish,美國人常用trash.
(3)junk破爛物,指廢鐵、破布等,現在用來指使人發胖的食物。
(4)waste廢物,指工廠排出的廢水、廢氣或家庭垃圾等。
7、any用在否定句、疑問句、條件句中。 some用在陳述肯定句中。
8、have no idea不知道 have some/any idea知道。
9、at可表示“再某場合”如:at the meeting/party
10、hope to do sth;hope that從句。 wish to do sth;wish sb to do sth;wish that從句。
11、because引導原因狀語從句 because of跟名詞或一個短語。
12、however與but:
(1)從語義上看,but所表示的是很明顯的對比、轉折。
(2)從語法上看,but是並列連詞,however是個副詞。
(3)從語序上看,but總位於所引導的句首,however可放在句首、句中、句尾。
(4)從標點上看,but之後沒有逗號,however之前、之後短語用逗號隔開。
13、本課出現的兩例含有賓語從句的特殊句子:
(1)What do you think “anxious” means?
(2)Why do you think the man is running?
看了“初三上英語知識點”的人還看了:
1.初三上學期英語必考重點短語
2.初三英語上冊知識點
3.九年級英語知識點
4.人教版初三英語上冊知識點
5.九年級上冊英語重點短語整理