lack的用法

Lack 的用法

　　n.(名詞)“不足”。 通常用 “lack+of+名詞”。

a lack of money. 缺乏金錢

Her only problem is lack of confidence.

Lack of sleep had made him irritable.

We won't be going on holiday this year - lack of funds, I'm afraid.

If he fails it won't be for/through lack of effort (= he has certainly tried).

He can’t endure the lack of food. 沒有食物，他再也堅持不下去了。

　　vt.(及物動詞)缺乏;不足;沒有

①To be entirely without or have very little of.缺乏：根本就沒有或僅有一點

②To be in need of.需要

He just lacks a little confidence.

What we lack in this house is space to store things.

She lacks patience in dealing with children. (與孩子打交道她缺少耐心。)

We are lacking three members of staff due to illness.

(注：說lack不用於進行時是站不住腳的)

　　vi. (不及物動詞)還可作“缺乏，短少;不足;需要。常用進行時

①To be wanting or deficient:缺乏：處於匱乏或不足狀態：

You will not be lacking in support from me.你將得到我的幫助

(注：這裏把lacking處理爲vi.，並沒有作爲adj.來得簡單)

②To be in need of something:需要：需要某物：

I lacked for nothing.我不需要任何東西

She does not lack for friends.

They lacked for nothing.他們無所需求(應有盡有)。

　　[用法拓展]

lack 構成的短語有：

be lacking:欠缺、缺：

be lacking in缺乏(某種品質、特點等),不夠

lack for 缺(多用於否定句) Lack+of+名詞： The plants died for lack of water.

Lack+名詞： We lack the strength to walk any further.

短語： be lacking:欠缺、缺： Money was lacking to complete the building.

Be lacking in缺乏(某種品質、特點等),不夠： He is not lacking in intelligence.

Lack for 缺(多用於否定句) She does not lack for friends

　　lacking adj.

1 be lacking If something that you need is lacking, you do not have enough of it:

Enthusiasm has been sadly lacking these past months at work.

Money was lacking to complete the building.

He is lacking in courage. 他缺乏勇氣。

Nothing is lacking but the will.什麼都不缺，就缺意志。

2 be lacking in sth to not have a quality:

He's totally lacking in charm.

He is not lacking in intelligence.

Philip was not lacking in ability. (菲力普並不缺少能力。)

His reception of us was lacking in warmth.(他對我們的接待缺少熱情。)

Since she is young, she is lacking in experience.由於年輕，她缺乏經驗。

　　[練習]

1. Many of our young workers ___ proper training.?

A. are lacking in B. are lacking C. lack for D. lack in [A]

2. We tried to settle the problem with them as soon as possible, but they seemed to____ sincerity.

A. lack of B. be lack of C. lack in D. be lacking in (D)

3. Though________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.

A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in

<解答> Though lacking money是Though they are lacking money的省略句，其中lack是vt.。

4. Keep him at arm's length, as he is a guy being lacking ______ honesty.

A. of B. on C. in D. about (C)

was another example of _____ experience.

A. a lack of B. lack from C. their lack for D. their lack of

<解答>.D lack作及物動詞時，後面直接用名詞或代詞做賓語;作不及物動詞時常和for連用;作名詞時常和of搭配使用。

6. -- What caused the failure of the experiment?

-- _____. (C)

A. Because of shortage of fund B. For lack of fund C. Lack of fund D. Due to lack of fund

7. The boss praised the young man for his hard work, though he ____ experience.

A. is lack of B. is lacking in? C. lacks of D. is lacking of

此題答案選B，be lacking in是習語，意爲“缺乏”，其後通常接experience, frankness, courage等抽象名詞。選A是錯誤的，因爲lack可用做名詞和動詞，但不用做形容詞;選C是錯誤的，因爲lack用做動詞時，它是及物動詞，其後不用介詞(注：用做名詞的 lack後可接介詞of);選D是錯誤的，因爲沒有be lacking of這個搭配。

8. I'm sorry, We're ________that kind of trousers. Would you come back next week?

A. short B. lacking C. in need D. short of (D)

[案例1.]

1. He can’t endure the lack of food.

2. He can’t endure a lack of food.

3. He can’t endure lack of food.

Are they all correct?

Yes, they are, but number 3 would not be heard very often, simply because it's not so easy to say smoothly. You need a hard stop between "endure" and "lack," so even if you mean to say that, it tends to come out as "endure-uh lack."

[案例2.]

The authorities declared that because of the war petrol was _____ and had to be rationed (定量供應).

A. inadequate B. rare C. lacked D. scarce

[答] D. scarce. 汽油供不應求，因此必須定量配給。

Scarce(=not available in sufficient quantity, not equal to the demand)不充足的，缺乏的，供不應求的。Inadequate 不適應的，不充分的。

lack vt./vi. (=be without ; not have; have less than enough of) 缺乏;沒有;缺少，例如：

1)He lacks perseverance.(他缺乏堅定性。)

2) Money is lacking for the plan.(此計劃尚缺錢。)

3) He is lacking in courage.(他缺乏勇氣。)

be lacking in 常指缺乏某種品質、特點等。

lack作及物動詞時，一般不用被動語態，故不能選C. lacked.

4)They lacked for nothing.(他們什麼也不缺。) 有人認爲，lack for是美國英語。

[案例3.]

I am lacking of practice or I am lacking practice.

BE：正常表達的方式是:

"I haven't given a massage for a long time. I'm out of practice."

If you want to use the verb "to lack":

"I lack practice" or I'm lacking in practice".

[案例4.]

1. Lacking money, he couldn't spend his holiday in Shanghai this summer.

2. Lacking in money, he couldn't spend his holiday in Shanghai this summer.

Q：這兩句是否都對?

答：1句對(lack sth.);2句錯(但語法結構並不錯be lacking in sth.).

句2類似結構的關鍵是 be lacking in + quality

Lacking in courage, he would never leave home.

Totally lacking in charm, he could not attract the audience.

注：However, this is still not very idiomatic. I would expect:

Because he was lacking in courage, he never left home.

[注意事項]

e is no lack of … 總用is/was單數形式

lack of 裏沒有the

【問題探究】 He is lack of money.

問：lack 是名詞，這裏似乎是不能放be動詞後的吧?

答：That’s water.名詞有時也能用在be動詞後。這似乎有些題外了。當然本題句是錯誤的，下面的都對：

1. He lacks money [lacks = verb]

2. He has a lack of money [lack = noun]

is lacking in money [lacking = adjective]

"He is lack of money." (X)

"He suffers from a lack of money/confidence /personality/etc." ("Lack" = noun.) (V)

"I can't meet you today for lack of time." ("Lack" = noun.) (V)

"Lacking" 可以是adjective, 常用於be lacking in sth. 結構。且那sth.應該是抽象的事物，故上面的句3也錯誤了。

題目句是錯的。可以說: "He is lacking money" 或 "he lacks money". 如果說 "He is..." (如 "He is a teacher") 那麼就是在描述他什麼, 也就是他自己不能是(a lack) < he cannot himself be 'a lack'>

有時人們把lack用與這樣的句子，如 "He lacks common sense/initiative". 'To lack' 是個很華麗的古英語動詞, 但現在人們也許更可能用 "He has no...".