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【雅思口語】中國高考壓力面面觀

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【時事聚焦】中國教育部日前發佈消息稱,2010年高考報名人數是在08年達到峯值之後的第二年下降。今年全國高考報名總人數是957萬人,比去年減少約65萬人,而全國招生計劃總數是657萬名,由於計劃增加,報名人數減少,教育部預計今年全國高考平均錄取率將會增加近7個百分點。下面的原版文章爲我們提供了某種獨特的觀察視角,其略帶辛辣的筆觸也爲大家揭露了高考各方面的最新信息。

【雅思口語】中國高考壓力面面觀

Internet Cafes Close Ahead of Exams in China

(BEIJING) — Teenagers tempted by computer games when they should be studying for the national college entrance exam this month won't have anywhere to escape to in central China, where Internet cafes have closed.

Focus on Study:High school seniors gearing up for the massive national college entrance exams in Linchuan in China's central province of Jiangxi have been able to focus only on studying now that all of the town's Internet cafes have closed, said an official with the Linchuan culture affairs bureau, who refused to give his name as is common with Chinese officials.

"During this critical period, our goal is to create an educational society for students that is free of distractions," the official said. "Besides Internet cafes, there's not much else in town the kids can waste time with."

Fierce Competition:Each year, millions of students take the two-day test on a wide range of Subjects, which is the sole determinant of their entry into university. Only about 25 percent of them get into university and the vast majority of those who don't make the cut go straight into the work force.

This year, about 9.5 million students are expected to take the exam on June 7 and 8, a slight dip from 10.2 million last year, according to a report posted on the website of the Communist Party newspaper People's Daily.

The immense pressure — which families share, often waiting anxiously at hotels during exams — has prompted Ministry of Education officials to consider reforming the generations-old tradition.

Subject-specific Tests:China announced plans earlier this year to allow students to take subject-specific tests and introduce other measures besides the exam, such as considering leadership and volunteer experience, to ease the stress the students undergo as they compete for coveted spots in colleges.

Cheating:Cheating is also common during the tests. About 2,200 students were caught last year using wireless mini earplugs and other electronic devices that feed in answers.

【熱點話題】萬衆注目的高考逐漸拉下帷幕,957萬考生在一條狹小的通道上進行了關鍵的人生衝刺,而這短暫的幾日也成爲中國內地億萬家庭高度關注的焦點。與此同時,分析發現,今年高考人數的變化也引發了人們關於各類話題的諸多探討及爭議。

權威解讀:報考人數下降不意味着競爭壓力降低

今年是高考報名人數連續第二年出現較大幅度下降:This year, about 9.5 million students are expected to take the exam on June 7 and 8, a slight dip from 10.2 million last year, according to a report posted on the website of the Communist Party newspaper People's Daily. 人民日報報道稱,七、八月份的考試人數大約爲950萬,和去年的1020萬相比,有了一定的下降。

中國青年報報道稱,高考生源在減少,招生計劃卻在增加,有人提出,高考的壓力是不是因此有可能降低。教育部考試中心主任戴家幹認爲,那純粹是一種理想化的想法。高考是全國統一的選拔性考試,“只要有選拔,就會有競爭”。 Only about 25 percent of them get into university and the vast majority of those who don't make the cut go straight into the work force. 畢竟只有百分之二十五的考生可以進入大學,而其他的考生只能參加工作。Each year, millions of students take the two-day test on a wide range of subjects, which is the sole determinant of their entry into university. 每年,成千上萬寒窗苦讀十年的莘莘學子奔赴“戰場”,在兩天內要測試各類科目,但這卻是獨一的進入大學的機會。今年,雖然高校招生計劃有所增加,但增加的多數是高職和獨立學院的招生計劃,重點高校的招生計劃一直保持穩定。戴家幹指出:整個社會正處於由溫飽型向發展型階段過渡,老百姓的觀念從“有學上”轉到“上好學”,這種願望和要求是完全可以理解的,也是符合時代發展趨勢的。因此,高考錄取率提高,這意味着學生“讀大學”更容易了,但讀“好大學”的競爭依然十分激烈。

外國媒體看中國高考

雖然這些年高考的錄取率節節攀升,但是外國人眼中的中國高考依然緊張的令人畏懼。英國獨立報說,中國考生在高考中所承受的壓力足以讓英國或者世界上任何其他國家的孩子崩潰。如果在這場考試中失敗,那就意味着將在中國社會裏失去一個安全的位置。印度每日新聞與分析則給中國高考一個頗爲有趣的稱呼,叫“考試之母”,說這是一場全世界最大、最緊張的考試。美國華爾街日報把6月7日稱爲令千萬考生緊張不安的一天。The immense pressure — which families share, often waiting anxiously at hotels during exams…除了考生之外,家長們也在考試期間焦急地等候在酒店,承受着巨大的壓力。雖然報名高考的考生人數連續兩年下降,但不意味着通往象牙塔頂端的路更容易走了,競爭依然激烈。

剖析高考生源減少

對於普通人家的孩子來說,高考也許是一生獨一的接近公平的改變命運機會,而如今高考這個曾激勵無數寒門子弟前進的火種逐漸趨於暗淡。表面上是近年來高校盲目擴招惹的禍。報告顯示,2001年至2005年,中國普通高校的畢業生人數以兩位數以上的速度快速增長,但就業率卻在持續下降。2009年受金融危機影響,社會就業壓力陡增,未就業大學生約100萬,大學生與農民工PK同一工作崗亭的場景頻頻上演。教育部門有關人士分析,今年參加高考人數減少,除了由於適齡入學人口數量在逐年下降,留學棄考、選擇技術院校也是一個重要因素。面對就業和職場競爭的壓力,考生和家長開始冷靜對待高考,並且面對現實進行多種選擇。

與高考人數持續減少形成鮮明對照,越來越多的高考適齡人羣開始選擇放棄國內激烈的高考競爭,轉而選擇出國讀書。據國際在線報道,21世紀教育研究院副院長熊丙奇指出,出國讀書分流掉部分高考人數,是給中國高等教育敲響的一個警鐘。中國青年報評論稱,以中國高校目前的生存狀態,恐怕難以應對生源迅速減少帶來的挑戰。但生源危機,給一些高校帶來了生存危機,卻給中國教育帶來了更大的變革機會。

中國高考PK美國SAT

中國高考與美國高考仍然存在很大差異。

第一點不同:錄取標準:“三合一”與“唯一性”。美國高校錄取採取“三合一”甚至可以說是多合一進行考覈:考試分數(SAT、託福等)、高中平時成績、綜合素質(包括課外學術活動、文體活動、社會活動、公益義工、有償工作等)。美國的年輕人知道他們不僅需要成績,想要成功申請名校的話,他們還需要同時具備其他條件。

在中國,高考狀元往往是大學裏面競相爭取的香餑餑,可是在美國,狀元也會被拒。1996年哈佛大學招生,165個SAT滿分高考狀元的入學申請被拒。曾經被傳聞獲得美國高考狀元的湖北女孩說:“我感覺兩國教育最大的是價值觀、人生觀和教育觀的差距。在我們國家,高校錄取多數是看分數,分高了就能進好的學校。但美國不同,你考了高分,就像我現在考了第一,但不意味着我就能被錄取,他們注重的是學生的個性和綜合素質,分數永遠是第二位。”

第二點不同:考試內容:能力側重與學科知識

美國高考與高中教材沒有直接關係,主要考查學生邏輯、分析、推理等方面的能力,較少考學科知識,而是更注重能力或智力方面的測試,如SAT、GRE等。而中國的考試方式剛好相反,中國高考側重學科知識,能力考試佔的比例不大,考察的內容主要就是高中時期的學科知識。

如今,美國高考逐漸進入中國,並且熱潮不斷高漲,或許這不僅僅是中國人對赴美留學的需要,與其自身的考試特點也是分不開的。

【真題預測】高考的爭論給我們的雅思口語發展方向也帶來了諸多啓示,請看下面朗閣海外考試研究中心口語組專家對此進行的真題預測:

Given the intense pressure, it's not surprising that some critics are beginning to wonder whether the gaokao's shortcomings will outweigh its benefits. Would you agree or disagree with this opinion? Why?

高考會給人帶來巨大的壓力,很多評論家就在考慮:高考的弊會大於利。你是否認同這種觀點?

Do you think students should be totally free of distractions ahead of exams in China?

你認爲學生在高考前,應該隔離一切會使人分心的事物嗎?

What can be done to help students to focus on studying?

如何幫助考生專心學習?

【驚世絕句】高考引發的衆多精彩話題爲我們的雅思口語提供了豐富的談話素材。下面的佳句不妨來學習一下:

As China's economy booms, job competition has become ferocious — and the pressure to land a prestigious degree can be unbearable.

隨着中國經濟的快速發展,工作競爭越來越激烈,爲了獲得一個享有聲望的學位,所承受的壓力也是很難忍受的。

job competition工作競爭

ferocious激烈的

prestigious享有聲望的

degree學位

unbearable難以忍受的

Students who perform superlatively can expect to be courted by the nation's top schools; the rest find spots in provincial universities or two- and three-year colleges.

只有(在考試中)表現最好的學生才能被國家重點大學所錄取;其他學生只能進地方大學,或者進入兩年/三年制的(高職或大專)院校。

superlatively 最高地

top school 重點學校

provincial university 地方大學

For the 40 percent of test-takers who fail, there's always next year — or enrollment at one of China's less-selective private institutions.

百分之四十(考試)失敗的考生只好等第二年——或進入一個選擇人數較少的私立機構。

test-taker參加考試的人

enrollment 入學

selective選擇的

private institution私立機構

Educators increasingly view the exam as the centerpiece of an outmoded teaching model that emphasizes rote learning — and fosters a fatal lack of creativity for Chinese workers in an increasingly global marketplace.

教育家越來越把高考看作是過時教育模式的中心,而這種教育模式注重機械學習,卻讓中國人在日益增長的全球市場中極度缺少創造力。

outmoded過時的

teaching model教育模式

emphasize 強調

rote learning 機械學習

creativity創造力

global marketplace 全球市場

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