新託福句子簡化題
句子簡化題（Sentence Simplification Questions）是新託福閱讀考試每次必考的題型，但並不是每篇文章都會考到這種題型，而且一篇文章中最多隻會有一道此題型。
問題形式
需要簡化的句子在文章中會用陰影標識出來，然後在題目中考生會被問到：
Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
解題步驟
建議考生在做句子簡化題時可按照以下步驟：
1. 看題幹，確定題目類型。
2. 仔細研讀文章中有標識的句子
3. 根據標點和關聯詞把句子按意羣拆分爲幾部分。
4. 如果標識的句子涉及該句子以外的信息，則需要讀句子周圍的上下文。
5. 研究選項，排除確定錯誤的選項。
錯誤的選項通常爲：
1. 和原句意思不同
2. 根據原句可以推斷出它不正確
3. 忽略了原句中的重要信息
4. 加入了原句中沒有的信息或觀點
注意：
1. 正確選項可以採用和原句不同的句子結構，或者它可以把從句順序打亂
2. 正確選項中會用到同義詞或者其他表達方式來表達與原句相同的觀點
3. 標識出來的句子中的代詞或者其他指示性單詞可能指代前面句子的內容，正確選項中可能會用其所指代的內容來代替該詞。
以下將列舉一些真題來具體說明，如：
The extreme seriousness of Desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process. Once the soil has been removed by erosion, only the passage of centuries or millennia will enable new soil to form. In areas where considerable soil still remains, through, a rigorously enforced program of land protection and cover...
10. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○ Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.
○ Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.
○ The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.
○ Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.
解析：本題中句子的主語爲“the extreme seriousness of desertification”，賓語爲“the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process”。整個句子意爲：沙漠化的嚴重性主要是由於所影響的土地面積廣，人口數量大，以及逆轉或者減慢這一進程的困難大。
第一個選項的內容和原文內容恰恰是同義替換；而第二選項中的“because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land”和原文中的意思不同；第三個選項中“The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort”是關於解決辦法的，原文沒有提及；第四個選項中的“unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected”原文中也並未提及。正確答案即爲第一個選項。
…Edison was more interested in the sale of Kinetoscopes (for roughly $1,000 apiece) to these parlors than in the films that would be run in them (which cost approximately $10 to $15 each). He refused to develop projection technology, reasoning that if he made and sold projectors, then exhibitors would purchase only one machine –a projector-from him instead of several.
3. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○ Edison was more interested in developing a variety of machines than in developing a technology based on only one.
○ Edison refused to work on projection technology because he did not think exhibitors would replace their projectors with newer machines.
○ Edison did not want to develop projection technology because it limited the number of machines he could sell.
○ Edison would not develop projection technology unless exhibitors agreed to purchase more than one projector from him.
解析：文中陰影標識的句子意思爲“他拒絕發展投影技術，原因是如果他製作並且賣投影儀的話，參展商們就會從他那隻買一個機器即投影儀而不是幾個機器。”而選項中第一個選項講“愛迪生對發展各種各樣的機器更感興趣，而不是發展以一個機器爲基礎的技術”，該信息在原文陰影標識句子中並未提及。第二個選項中“愛迪生拒絕發展投影技術是因爲他認爲參展商們不會用新機器代替他們的投影儀”，該信息和原文陰影標識句子的信息不符。第三個選項“愛迪生不想發展投影技術，因爲它限制了他能賣的機器的數量”，該信息和原文陰影標識句子中的信息一致，爲正確答案。第四個選項“愛迪生不會發展投影技術除非參展商同意從他那買多於一個投影儀”該信息和原文陰影標識句子的信息不符。
The Cognitive Approach. Cognitive psychologists assert that our behavior is influenced by our values, by the ways in which we interpret our situations, and by choice. For example, people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified – as during wartime – are likely to act aggressively, whereas people who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust, or who think that aggression is never justified, are less likely to behave aggressively.
8. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○ People who believe that they are fighting a just war act aggressively while those who believe that they are fighting an unjust war do not.
○ People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified are more likely to act aggressively than those who believe differently.
○ People who normally do not believe that aggression is necessary and justified may act aggressively during wartime.
○ People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified do not necessarily act aggressively during wartime.
解析：原文中陰影標識的句子意爲“例如，那些相信侵略是必要的和合理的，就如戰爭時期，的人們可能會有侵略行爲，然而那些相信某場戰爭或侵略行爲是不公正的或者認爲侵略從來都是不合理的人們就不太可能有侵略的行爲”。第一個選項“那些認爲自己在進行一場正義戰爭的人們會有侵略行爲，而那些不認爲自己在進行一場正義戰爭的人則不會”，該信息和原文陰影標識句子中信息不符。第二個選項“那些認爲侵略是必要和合理的人比那些有不同看法的人更可能有侵略行爲”，該信息和原文陰影標識句子的信息一致，爲正確答案。第三個選項“那些平時認爲侵略不是必要的和合理的人在戰爭時期可能有侵略行爲”該信息在原文陰影標識句子中未提及。第四個選項“那些相信侵略是必要和合理的人在戰爭時不一定會有侵略行爲”該信息原文陰影標識的句子中未提及。
