睡眠差或導致注意力缺失多動症

The more we understand about sleep the more important we realise it is. We now know that disturbed sleep is linked to many serious conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, heart disease and stroke to name but a few. To that list we can add another condition, ADHD .
我們對睡眠瞭解的越多，就越會意識到睡眠的重要性。現在我們知道睡不安穩與很多嚴重的疾病相關，比如：肥胖、糖尿病、心臟病和中風等等。在這張疾病清單上，還可以再加一個：注意力缺失多動症。

Research has now revealed that poor sleep is linked to difficulty in concentrating, having too much energy and being unable to control behaviour - the main traits of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
研究現已揭示，睡眠差與注意力很難集中相關，導致精力充沛、無法控制自己的行爲--這是注意力缺失多動症的主要特徵。

Hopefully, this study could lead to the development of treatments that don't involve drugs. Speaking at a pharmacology conference in Paris, Professor Sandra Kooij, from Amsterdam, outlined research which shows poor sleep is a sign that our biological clocks aren't properly synchronised.
本研究有望研發不涉及藥物的治療方法。在巴黎的藥理學會議上，來自阿姆斯特丹的桑德拉·科艾（Sandra Kooij）概述了本研究，表明睡眠差是生物鐘未能合理同步的一個跡象。

This is also the case with ADHD. "Our research is making clear that sleep disruption and ADHD are intertwined," she said. "Essentially, they are two sides of the same physiological and mental coin."
注意力缺失多動症也是如此。"我們的研究表明，睡不安穩與注意力缺失多動症是相互交織的，"她說道。"基本上，它們是同一身心'硬幣'的不同面。"

Symptoms of ADHD, which also include impulsiveness and mood swings, are generally noticed at school age. It's thought that between 2% and 5% of people are affected by ADHD at some time in their lives.
注意力缺失多動症的症狀包括衝動和情緒不穩，通常在學齡期有所表現。據說，2%至5%的人都會在人生中的某個階段受到注意力缺失多動症的影響。

In addition, about 80% of cases have profound sleep disturbances, often delays in the onset of sleep. "These people simply cannot go to bed and fall asleep at the end of the day like others," said Prof Kooij. "And that has consequences. Affected individuals sometimes cannot get to sleep until around 3am but they still have to get up to go to work or school. The result is a drastic loss of sleep."
此外，80%的病例都深受睡不安穩的困擾，經常延遲睡眠時間。"這些人就是無法像其他人一樣，在一天結束之時上牀睡覺，"科艾教授說道。"這會導致一些不好的後果。受影響的人有時候直到凌晨3點才能睡着，但還是得正常起牀、上班、上學。結果就是嚴重缺少睡眠。"

This is linked, in turn, to disturbances in levels of dopamine and melatonin in the brain, she added. These chemicals control when we fall asleep and when we wake up through our internal biological clock.
轉過來，這就與大腦中的多巴胺和褪黑激素紊亂水平相關，她補充說。這些化學物質通過我們的內部生物鐘控制着我們的睡覺時間和起牀時間。

Other conditions linked to disturbed dopamine and melatonin levels include restless leg syndrome - an ?irresistible urge to move your legs - and sleep apnoea, where breathing is disturbed during sleep.
與紊亂的多巴胺和褪黑激素水平相關的其它症狀包括不寧腿綜合徵--無法遏制的動腿--和睡眠呼吸暫停，也就是說，在睡覺的過程中，呼吸收到了干擾。

These disorders are also linked to ADHD, said Prof Kooij. Professor Andreas Reif, of University Hospital in Frankfurt, agrees. The crucial point is ADHD appears to be triggered by disruptions to the body clock. Would restoring a patient's body clock help treat ADHD?
這些症狀也與注意力缺失多動症相關，科艾教授說道，法蘭克福大學醫院的安德烈亞斯·雷夫教授同意科艾教授的觀點。關鍵就是注意力缺失多動症似乎是由生物鐘紊亂引起的。恢復病人的生物鐘是否有助治療注意力缺失多動症呢？