世衛組織：解除或放鬆疫情限制措施需考慮這6項標準

世界衛生組織總幹事譚德塞在4月13日的記者會上表示，一些國家正在考慮解除疫情期間實施的居家隔離等限制措施。現有經驗表明，解除限制措施前應綜合考慮6項具體標準。美國總統特朗普在同一天表示，何時重新開放美國經濟決定權掌握在他手中，而不是各州州長手中。

As some countries experience declines in COVID-19 cases and deaths, their leaders and citizens are eager to get back to work, school, and play.

隨着一些國家新冠肺炎確診病例和死亡病例的減少，領導人和民衆急切地希望恢復正常的工作、學習和娛樂生活。

But restrictions need to be lifted slowly and strategically in order to successfully re-enter a new normal rather than lead to waves of lockdowns in the future, the World Health Organization's leaders said during a World Health Organization press briefing April 13.

但世界衛生組織的官員在世衛組織於4月13日召開的新聞發佈會上說，要想成功地重新進入“新常態”，而不是今後導致一次又一次的封鎖，就必須緩慢地、有策略地解除限制措施。

戳視頻瞭解詳情：

WHO Director General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said that "while COVID-19 accelerates very fast, it decelerates much more slowly."

世衛組織總幹事譚德塞說：“新冠病毒傳播加速明顯，但減速過程卻慢得多。”

"In other words, the way down is much slower than the way up," he said. "That means control measures must be lifted slowly, and with control. It cannot happen all at once."

“換句話說，（病例數）下降速度比上升速度要慢得多。這意味着必須緩慢地、有控制地取消限制措施，不能一蹴而就。”

Tedros announced new strategic advice for countries thinking about relaxing mitigation measures. The six criteria are:

譚德塞宣佈了新的新冠防控戰略建議，各國在解除疫情限制措施前，應重點考慮6項標準：

1 Transmission is controlled.

疫情傳播已得到控制。

2 Health system capacities are in place to detect, test, isolate and treat every case and trace every contact.

衛生系統已具備發現、檢測、隔離和治療每個病例並追蹤每個接觸者的能力。

3 Outbreak risks are minimized in special settings like health facilities and nursing homes.

衛生機構和療養院等特殊環境中疫情暴發的風險已被降到最低。

4 Preventive measures are in place in workplaces, schools and other places where it's essential for people to go.

工作場所、學校和其他人們必須前往的地方已採取預防措施。

5 Importation risks can be managed.

輸入性病例風險可控。

6 Communities are fully educated, engaged and empowered to adjust to the new normal.

社區已通過充分教育、參與和授權來適應疫情“新常態”。

"Every country should be implementing a comprehensive set of measures to slow down transmission and save lives with the aim of reaching a steady state of low level or no transmission," Tedros said.

譚德塞說：“每個國家都應實施一套全面措施來減緩疫情傳播並拯救生命，以達到低傳播或無傳播的穩定狀態。”

Tedros also discussed low-income countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America that are looking at whether to implement restrictions.

譚德塞還談到了非洲、亞洲和拉丁美洲的低收入國家，這些國家正在考慮是否實施限制措施。

"In countries with large poor populations, the stay-at-home orders and other restrictions used in some high-income countries may not be practical," he said, because residents may be living in crowded quarters, need to work to survive, may need to go to school to receive meals and, in some cases, escape abuse.

“在貧困人口衆多的國家，採取一些高收入國家的居家隔離和其他限制措施可能並不實際”，他說，這是因爲居民的住處可能很擁擠，他們需要工作才能生存，學生或許需要去學校才能吃上飯，在某些情況下，纔可以逃避虐待。

"Physical distancing restrictions are only part of the equation, and there are many other basic public health measures that need to be put in place," he said. "When stay-at-home measures are used, they must not be at the expense of human rights."

他說：“物理距離限制只是應對措施的一部分，還需要採取其他基本的公共衛生措施。所有的居家隔離政策不得以犧牲人權爲代價。”

"Each government must assess their situation," he added, "while protecting all their citizens and especially the most vulnerable."

他補充說：“每個政府都必須評估各自狀況，保護所有民衆，尤其是最弱勢的羣體。”

特朗普：何時重新開放美國我說了算

Meanwhile, President Donald Trump claimed that he – not governors – has the authority to reopen the US.

與此同時，美國總統特朗普聲稱讓美國重新開放的權力在他手中，而不是各州州長手中。

"It is the decision of the President, and for many good reasons," Trump tweeted. "With that being said, the Administration and I are working closely with the Governors, and this will continue. A decision by me, in conjunction with the Governors and input from others, will be made shortly!"

特朗普在推特上寫道：“這個決定應該由總統來做出，我們有充分的理由。話雖如此，我和聯邦政府正在與州長們緊密合作，而且這種合作會繼續下去。在聽取各州州長以及其他人意見的基礎上，我將很快做出決定！”

While Trump has talked of reopening the country, there is no national quarantine order. The federal government has released social distancing guidelines, but it is states and localities that have established various stay at home orders.

雖然特朗普談到了重新開放美國，但美國並沒有全國性的隔離命令。聯邦政府發佈了社交距離指南，但是頒佈多種居家指令的是各州和地方政府。

The president has demonstrated he is itching to get the US economy up and running again, but health experts have said it is too soon to name a date because the US is only just now nearing its peak. However, Trump said he is forming a task force dedicated to "opening our country."

特朗普總統已經表明，他急切地希望讓美國經濟恢復正常運轉，但衛生專家表示，現在確定重新開放的日期還爲時過早，因爲美國的疫情剛剛接近峯值。但特朗普說，他正在組建一個“復工”特別工作組。

itch [ɪtʃ]：vi.渴望