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困擾2.5億中國人的竟然是花……阿嚏!過敏性鼻炎這份tips請收好

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春暖花開,萬物……阿嚏!本是一年好時節,奈何不少人卻因“聞花打噴嚏、流鼻涕”而無法感受“春色滿園關不住”的愉悅。

目前全國正處在春季的花粉季。每到此時,各家醫院的耳鼻喉科室都會擠滿了過敏性鼻炎患者。近年,我國過敏性疾病發病率呈現逐年升高的趨勢。

困擾2.5億中國人的竟然是花……阿嚏!過敏性鼻炎這份tips請收好

Every spring, when the pollen concentration rises, the nose and throat departments of hospitals will be packed. Incidence of the allergic diseases has been growing in China in recent years. Incidence of allergic rhinitis, which used to be widespread in some developed Western countries only, also began to prevail in China.
每年春天,花粉濃度上升時,醫院的鼻咽喉科就會擠滿了人。近年來,我國過敏性疾病的發病率呈上升趨勢。過敏性鼻炎以前只在一些西方發達國家普遍流行,現在其發病率在我國也開始升高。

研究顯示,我國過敏性鼻炎患病率達18%,估計患病人羣超過2.5億,尤其在兒童和青壯年中發病較多。

過敏症狀要知道

通過對全國幾萬病例進行分析,北京同仁醫院院長、國家衛健委變態反應科臨牀重點專科負責人張羅教授團隊的研究顯示,花粉是導致我國過敏性鼻炎的主要室外過敏原。

In Beijing, for example, the most common allergenic pollens in spring include those from the large-fruited elm tree, Cathay poplar, ash, acacia and white birch.
以北京爲例,春季最常見的致敏花粉包括榆樹、楊樹、白蠟、合歡樹和白樺的花粉。

Allergic rhinitis is caused by both the external environment — which includes air pollution and pollen — and internal factors, in which heredity and an individual’s immune system come into play. Besides nose-related symptoms, it can also lead to lung disease, asthma, insomnia, anxiety and depression if not controlled properly, according to experts.
過敏由外部環境比如空氣污染、花粉濃度等,以及內部環境如遺傳和自身免疫系統因素引起。專家表示,除了鼻部症狀,如控制不當,過敏還可能引發肺部疾病、哮喘、失眠、焦慮、抑鬱。

預防、用藥知多少

As the economy develops, more Chinese will have the disease. In less-developed countries, children contact bacteria and viruses in the environment more often, which promotes their immune system, so they are less likely to experience allergies when they grow up.
隨着我國經濟社會的進步,過敏人羣還會增加。在欠發達地區,人們在兒童時期更頻繁接觸環境中的細菌和病毒,促進了免疫系統的發育,因此成年時過敏的機率就會降低。

張羅教授提示過敏性鼻炎患者,在花粉濃度高的時候減少戶外活動,出門做好防護,如佩戴口罩,如眼睛有幹癢的症狀,可以佩戴護目鏡,起到阻隔作用。如症狀進一步加重,需要及時就醫,進行臨牀診斷和藥物治療。

“過敏性鼻炎病人的症狀時好時壞,主要是因爲他們往往在症狀較重的時候比較關注,用藥規範,症狀一旦減輕就會忘記用藥。堅持用藥,等到花粉季過去之後,再考慮減藥或停藥,這是花粉過敏治療非常重要的環節。”他說。“另外,如果掌握了發病規律,明確了過敏原。在花粉濃度還沒有升高,症狀還沒有出現的時候提前用藥能起到很好的輔助作用。”

When the pollen concentration is high, patients should reduce their outdoor activities and wear face masks and goggles when they go out. It’s helpful to take immunity-modulating drugs in advance before symptoms appear, and continue to use medicines based on a doctor’s guidance until the pollen season passes.
花粉濃度高時,患者應減少戶外活動,外出時應戴口罩和護目鏡。在症狀出現之前提前服用免疫調節藥物是有幫助的,在花粉季節過去之前,在醫生的指導下繼續用藥。

北京大學人民醫院皮膚科主任張建中教授提示,正值花粉傳播季節,要注意預防和用藥控制“雙管齊下”。

花粉症患者要減少外出,注意關窗;出門戴口罩,避免到花粉濃度較高的地區;外出回家後注意洗臉尤其是清洗鼻子、眼睛,更換沾到花粉的衣物。

用藥方面,花粉症患者可用海鹽水清洗鼻腔,使用抗過敏的滴眼劑控制過敏性結膜炎的眼癢等症狀;出現咳嗽或哮喘的患者需加用口服和(或)吸入藥物控制症狀。症狀重、持續時間長的患者,應及時去醫院進行脫敏治療。


研究、監測在發力

It is still a global challenge because the pathogenesis is unclear and current treatments cannot delay progression of the disease. In addition, most allergens are closely linked to human living environments and are impossible to simply wipe out. And most treatment methods can only control symptoms.
過敏性疾病在全球仍然是一個難以攻克的難題,因爲它的發病機制尚不清楚,目前的治療方法不能延緩疾病的進展。此外,大多數過敏原與人類生活環境密切相關,不可能簡單地根除。而大多數治療方法只能控制症狀。

Zhang suggested enhancing medical research, raising public awareness and making current treatment methods accessible to more people. It will also help to place allergic rhinitis under the national chronic disease supervision, prevention and treatment system, as well as planting flowers, trees and grass that induce fewer allergic reactions in city landscaping, he said.
張羅建議加強醫學研究,提高公衆意識,讓更多的人瞭解目前的治療方法。他也呼籲,將過敏性鼻炎納入國家慢病監控和防治體系當中,並且在城市綠化中選取引起過敏反應少的花草樹木進行種植。

“現階段,多數治療過敏的藥物已經納入醫保,說明對於患者的關愛和照顧在基礎層面上是做的很不錯的。”他說。“對個人來講,找到過敏原,並避免接觸過敏原,是最有效的方法。比如對蒿粉植物過敏,春秋季節就不要去內蒙古草原地區騎馬了。”

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