王家衛的智慧 The Wisdom of Wong Kar wai

For work and life, you need passion and perseverance.

無論是對工作還是生活，你都要有激情和堅韌不拔的精神。

That was the key lesson from Wong Kar-wai as hundreds of film-industry professionals, students and movie fans turned out in Hong Kong Thursday night for a 'master class' from the celebrated filmmaker.

這是王家衛在“國際大師班”上給大家上的最重要的一課，3月21日晚，數百名電影界專業人士、學生和影迷齊聚香港，聆聽了這位著名電影人的心得。

In the session organized by the Hong Kong International Film Festival, the director of 'Chungking Express' and 'In the Mood for Love' focused on the inspiration and the making of his latest film, ' The Grandmaster.'

在由香港國際電影節(Hong Kong International Film Festival)主辦的這一活動上，曾執導過影片《重慶森林》(Chungking Express)和《花樣年華》(In the Mood for Love)的導演王家衛重點講述了新片《一代宗師》(The Grandmaster)的靈感來源和拍攝過程。

But while his movies often spark discussion over possible hidden meanings and subtext, he insisted that he prefers not to spell things out for his audience.

由於他的電影常常會引發一些對其可能的隱意和潛臺詞的爭論，因此王家衛堅持不願向觀衆說穿道明影片中的玄妙。

'I want every viewer to throw themselves into [the story] and use their imaginations, ' he said. Asked whether images of trains in his films such as 'The Grandmaster' have any particular significance, Mr. Wong responded: 'No. ... I like trains!'

王家衛說：“我希望每位觀衆都能全身心投入到（影片）中去併發揮他們的想象力。”當被問及火車的形象在他衆多的影片（比如《一代宗師》）中是否具有任何特殊含義時，王家衛答道：“沒有。……我喜歡火車！”

'The Grandmaster' stars Tony Leung as Ip Man, the famed martial-arts master who taught the wing chun form of kung fu. The subject of several films in recent years, Ip Man was born in 1893 in Foshan, in China's southern Guangdong province, and died in Hong Kong in 1972. The film covers the period from the late 1930s to the mid-1950s, a turbulent period in China's history and during which time Ip Man moved to Hong Kong. The film also stars Zhang Ziyi as Gong Er, a skilled kung fu expert and the daughter of a martial-arts master from northern China.

梁朝偉在影片《一代宗師》中擔綱出演男主角──傳授詠春拳法的著名武學宗師葉問。近幾年來，以葉問爲題材的電影層出不窮。葉問，1893年生於廣東佛山，1972年在香港逝世。電影《一代宗師》講述的故事發生在20世紀30年代晚期至50年代中期，這個年代是中國歷史上的動盪時期，葉問正是在此期間搬到了香港。章子怡在片中飾演武學高手宮二，宮二是北方一位八卦掌宗師的獨生女。

Mr. Wong spent a decade researching the movie before he began filming in 2009. In the process, he met with many martial-arts masters. 'You realize they are humble and gentle, ' he said. 'But when you ask them to demonstrate their kung fu, they ＃ become another person with an animal instinct, and [there's] a sense that they could kill.'

在2009年該片正式開拍之前，導演王家衛花了十年的時間籌備、蒐集資料。在此期間，他走訪了多位武學大師。王家衛說：“你能感到他們是謙遜而溫和的。但當你要他們展示一下功夫時，他們……就變成了露出動物本性的另一種人。你可以感覺到他們的殺氣。”

Preserving those legacies in a film was something Mr. Wong wanted to do for years as he searched for the right story. 'Heritage is something martial-arts films don't often talk about.'

在王家衛搜尋合適故事的過程中，在電影中保留這些武學遺產是他多年來想做的事。他說：“傳承，不是武打片經常談論涉及的。”

Mr. Wong joined critic, writer and radio host Yau Ching-yuen for an onstage conversation and audience question-and-answer session, which was conducted primarily in Cantonese with simultaneous English translation. Edited highlights below.

王家衛與評論家、作家及電臺主持遊清源在“國際大師班”的臺上進行了對談，兩人還參與了觀衆提問環節。整個採訪、互動過程主要用粵語進行，伴有英語同聲傳譯。以下爲編輯過的片段。

On Bruce Lee's Enduring Attraction:

關於李小龍的持久吸引力：

While shooting 'Happy Together' in Argentina in the 1990s, Mr. Wong saw magazines with Bruce Lee and Mao Zedong on the covers. 'How did these two people influence the people of Argentina?' he said. 'What was the appeal?'

20世紀90年代，當王家衛在阿根廷拍攝《春光乍泄》(Happy Together)時，他看到一些雜誌是以李小龍和毛澤東爲封面的。他說：“這兩個人是如何影響阿根廷人民的？他們的吸引力是什麼？”

According to the director, his idea for 'The Grandmaster' came from seeing a Bruce Lee magazine cover and thinking the action star had a contemporary attraction, even though his death had been more than 20 years earlier. 'His face was one of confidence, ' said Mr. Wong.

王家衛表示，他拍《一代宗師》的靈感來自他看到的一本以李小龍爲封面的雜誌。這使他不禁思考，即使已逝世20多年，但李小龍對現在的人仍充滿了吸引力。王家衛說：“這是一張中國男人的面孔，但滿是自信。”

As he further researched the background for the movie, Mr. Wong examined photos taken in the early 20th century. The images gave him 'an urge to make a film about the beauty and elegance of Chinese men and women.'

當王家衛對影片背景展開進一步研究時，他查閱了一些拍攝於20世紀早期的照片。這些照片使他萌生了“想拍一部電影反映中國人的美、風度、風采、自信、優雅”的想法。

On the Many Legends of Ip Man:

關於葉問的種種傳說：

The filmmaker spent years researching Ip Man in order to understand various periods of his life, interviewing a number of the martial-arts master's 'first-generation students' from the early 1950s.

爲了梳理弄清葉問一生中的各個不同時期，王家衛花費了數年時間來研究這位武學宗師，採訪了多位從20世紀50年代早期就拜葉問爲師的“第一代傳人”。

Ip Man moved permanently to Hong Kong in 1950, but before that, he first traveled to the then-British colony when he was 12 years old. 'There are lots of legends, ' Mr. Wong said, but 'one thing we know for sure was that when he went back to Foshan in his early 20s, he was wealthy.'

1950年，葉問永久移居香港。在那之前，他曾於12歲那年第一次來到香港，當時那裏還是英國的殖民地。王家衛說：“關於葉問，坊間有很多傳說。但我們可以肯定的一點是，當他在20歲出頭回到佛山的時候，他是富有的。”

As a man of means, Ip Man didn't have to work, but instead had 'hobbies.' The opening scene of 'The Grandmaster, ' in which the central character takes on a gang of opponents, reflects that conclusion.

作爲一個生活富足的人，葉問不用工作，但他有自己的“樂趣和嗜好”。影片《一代宗師》的開場，葉問以一敵衆，也應證了上述結論。

Why would he be fighting on the streets on a pitch-black night in a heavy downpour? asked Mr. Wong. 'Because he enjoyed himself.'

王家衛說：“爲什麼葉問要在漆黑、滂沱的雨夜在街頭跟人打架？是因爲想要得到他的樂趣。”

On Tony Leung's Martial-Arts Training:

關於梁朝偉的武術訓練：

'Everyone [on the film] trained very hard, ' Mr. Wong said. 'Tony Leung broke his arm twice.' The first time happened while he was rehearsing. 'The second time was more serious, ' but the award-winning actor 'was intent on finishing the film himself' and didn't want to use a stunt double. Mr. Wong called Mr. Leung's professionalism and passion 'rare.'

王家衛說：“（參與電影拍攝的）每一個人都訓練得很刻苦。梁朝偉兩次摔斷了他的胳膊。”第一次發生在他排演的時候。“第二次更嚴重些”，但這位屢獲殊榮的演員“堅持要親自完成電影的拍攝”，他不願使用替身。王家衛在評價梁朝偉的專業精神和工作激情時稱其爲“罕見”。

On Ip Man and Gong Er:

章子怡（中）在《一代宗師》中飾演武學高手宮二。

While Ip Man is portrayed as a devoted husband, critics and fans have discussed at great length what seems to be an unspoken love and desire between Ip Man and Gong Er.

雖然葉問被刻畫成一位忠於家庭的丈夫，但評論家和影迷卻十分詳盡地討論了影片呈現出的葉問與宮二之間語焉不詳的曖昧。

Mr. Yau, the master class's moderator, suggested that the film gives the sense that 'Gong Er had fallen for the married Ip Man' as they exchanged letters over the years. Mr. Wong's response: 'Maybe I shouldn't say anything, ' otherwise people might not flex their own minds and creative muscles. But he did reveal that he viewed the characters' relationship as a friendship developed from an appreciation of kung fu.

“國際大師班”的主持人遊清源說，這部電影給人這樣一種感覺──“宮二愛上了已婚的葉問”，因爲在影片中，他們通過書信來往多年。王家衛對此迴應說：“可能我不該說什麼。”因爲一旦點穿，大家在看電影時可能就不會再開動腦筋思考、發揮想象力了。但王家衛也透露了自己的解讀：在他看來，葉問與宮二之間只不過是功夫高手之間惺惺相惜的友情。

On the Movie's Most Controversial Character:

關於片中最受爭議的角色：

Taiwan star Chang Chen plays an ambiguous kung fu expert named Razor, who appears in just three short scenes in 'The Grandmaster.' Critics and audiences have debated the character's brief appearance and purpose in the story.

臺灣明星張震在《一代宗師》中飾演功夫高手“一線天”，這個角色模糊不清，在影片中只有三場戲。評論家和觀衆也就“一線天”的短暫亮相與他出現在故事中的作用展開了爭論。

Mr. Wong, a reader of kung fu novels, said that characters drifting in and out of the storyline was a common literary device in serialized martial-arts stories of the 1950s and '60s. 'People turn up, then depart the story for long passages.' (As an example, he noted the writer Louis Cha, whose many novels included 'The Legend of the Condor Heroes, ' which Mr. Wong adapted in his 1994 film 'Ashes of Time.')

作爲一位閱讀過多部武俠小說的讀者，王家衛說，在20世紀五、六十年代的連載武俠小說中，讓角色們在故事情節中時隱時現、於章節內外遊離是一種常見的文學寫作手法。“這些人現身，然後在大段的章節中消失。”（王家衛在舉例時提到了作家金庸。王家衛1994年出品的影片《東邪西毒》(Ashes of Time)就改編自金庸小說《射鵰英雄傳》(The Legend of the Condor Heroes)。）

The director said that although Mr. Chang doesn't have much screen time in 'The Grandmaster, ' he was obviously successful 岸 'otherwise you wouldn't remember him.'

王家衛還說，雖然張震在《一代宗師》中戲份不多，但他的演繹顯然是成功的──“否則你們不會記住他”。