俄羅斯政府前日封禁俄語版維基百科 Kremlin moves to ban Russian Wikipedia

Russia’s internet regulator on Monday added the Russian-language version of Wikipedia to its list of blocked sites. The escalation in Moscow’s online censorship campaign is likely to bring the issue to the attention of the broader public which has so far ignored it.

週一，俄羅斯互聯網監管機構將俄語版維基百科(Wikipedia)列入了封禁網站的名單。俄政府網絡審查運動的此次升級，很可能會令更多公衆注意到這個迄今一直被忽視的問題。

Roskomnadzor, the regulator, had warned that it would block the Russian Wikipedia unless the website took down an article on the history and production of Charas, a form of hashish. It pointed to a June court decision which declared the publication in Russia of instructions for hashish preparation illegal.

俄聯邦電信、信息技術和大衆傳媒監督局(Roskomnadzor)曾警告說，它將封禁俄語版維基百科，除非該網站撤下一篇有關Charas（某種形式的印度大麻脂）歷史和生產的文章。該局提到了6月份的一項法庭裁定，該裁定宣稱在俄羅斯發佈製備印度大麻脂的說明是非法的。

The Russian-language service sought at the weekend to comply technically with the order by moving the entry to a web archive to which searches automatically redirect. But Roskomnadzor said this did not solve the problem because the banned article remained accessible.

上週末，俄語版維基百科試圖從技術上遵守這一裁定，將這一條目移至一份網絡歸檔文件中，對該條目的搜索會被自動重定向至該歸檔文件。但Roskomnadzor表示，這麼做並沒有解決問題，因爲被封禁的文章依然可以訪問到。

“[We have] sent telecom operators the index page of the Russian-language Wikipedia for blocking...嬠It] contains forbidden information about narcotic substances,” Roskomnadzor said.

Roskomnadzor表示：“（我們已）向電信運營商發送了俄語版維基百科的首頁地址以將其封禁……（該網站）包含有關麻醉品的禁忌信息。”

Russian Wikipedia said it would file a complaint against the decision. Its site could still be accessed in Moscow a few hours after the regulator’s announcement.

俄語版維基百科表示將就這一決定提起申訴。Roskomnadzor宣佈這一決定後數小時，該網站在莫斯科仍可訪問。

However, the decision takes a Kremlin crackdown on the internet to a new level. It is the first time that the government has targeted an international website used by ordinary Russians on a huge scale rather than online media critical of the regime of President Vladimir Putin.

儘管如此，這一決定還是將俄政府對互聯網的打壓提升至一個新高度。這是俄政府首次把普通俄羅斯人大量使用的國際網站——而不是批評俄總統弗拉基米爾渠京(Vladimir Putin)政權的網絡媒體——當作封禁的對象。

Sergei Smirnov, editor of Mediazona, a news website focused on civil rights and law enforcement, said: “In fact it is good that it is Wiki they are blocking. Now a lot more people will find out how to circumvent blockings”.

Mediazona主編謝爾蓋斯米爾諾夫(Sergei Smirnov)表示：“事實上，維基這樣的網站被他們封禁是一件好事。現在，許多人將會找到辦法繞開封禁。”Mediazona是一個關注民權和執法的新聞網站。

Moscow has been tightening censorship of the Russian web ever since Mr Putin’s return to the presidency in May 2012.

自2012年5月普京再次擔任俄總統以來，俄政府一直在加強對俄語網站的審查。

The Kremlin was caught off guard when massive fraud during the legislative elections in 2011 triggered a street protest movement in Moscow led by Alexei Navalny, the anti-corruption blogger, and organised via social media. The administration saw this as a foreign-sponsored scheme aimed at regime change.

2011年，俄國家杜馬選舉期間出現的大規模舞弊行爲，在莫斯科引發了一場街頭抗議運動，令俄當局措手不及。這次運動由反腐博客寫手阿列克謝納瓦爾尼(Alexei Navalny)領導，並通過社交媒體組織起來。俄當局認爲，這是一次外國支持的陰謀，旨在顛覆俄羅斯政權。

Within two months of Mr Putin’s return to the Kremlin, he signed a new law providing for the establishment of a nationwide register of banned websites.

重返克里姆林宮不到兩個月，普京就簽署了一條新法令，爲成立國家級封禁網站登記機構提供了法律依據。