美國務院提議減少來非洲、中東國家難民比例

The U.S. State Department is proposing that the United States receive proportionally fewer refugees from Africa and the Middle East in the coming year than it planned to last year, in favor of an increase in refugees from Asia and Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, according to data obtained from the agency.

The regional shifts are part of a proposal that would reduce the number of refugees allowed into the country for Fiscal Year 2019 to 30,000, a record low for the program.

As it stands, the proposed amounts for each region, according to the State Department, are:

Africa — 11,000, down from 19,000 in fiscal 2018.

Near East and South Asia (includes the Middle East) — 9,000, down from 17,500.

East Asia — 4,000, down from 5,000.

Europe — 3,000, up from 2,000.

Latin America and the Caribbean — 3,000, up from 1,500.

The proposed ceiling marks an upper threshold — not a goal. With about a week left in the fiscal year, fewer than 22,000 of a proposed 45,000 refugees had been admitted into the country, according to State Department data.

Moreover, regional allocations don't always align with reality. For example, last year, the president mandated that 42 percent of refugees come from Africa. As of Sept. 21, that figure was 46 percent.

Another region that exceeded its intended allocation: Europe, where a surge in Ukrainian refugees accounted for part of the jump from a proposed 4 percent of refugees to a reality of 16 percent.

The difference in refugee arrivals from the Middle East in the last year was the starkest. The administration capped the number at 39 percent — 17,500 Middle Eastern refugees of the 45,000 total; to date for FY2018, it has admitted 3,756 from the Middle East, or about 17 percent.美國國務院的數據顯示，國務院提議縮減未來一年接收來自非洲和中東的難民人數比例，增加來自亞洲、歐洲、拉丁美洲和加勒比地區的難民人數比例。

這一根據區域進行的轉變是提案的一部分，該提案將2019財年允許進入美國的難民人數減少到30,000人，創下最低紀錄。

目前，國務院的數據顯示擬接收的每個地區難民人數爲：

非洲 - 11,000人，低於2018財年的19,000人；

近東和南亞（包括中東）- 9,000人，低於2018年的17,500人；

東亞 - 4,000人，低於2018年的5,000人；

歐洲 - 3,000人，高於2018年的2,000人；

拉丁美洲和加勒比地區 - 3,000人，高於2018年的1,500人。

提議的上限是人數額度，而非目標。根據美國國務院的數據，在本財政年度還剩下大約一週的時間裏，提議的45,000名難民額度中有不到22,000人被允許進入美國。

此外，難民人數的地區分配並不總是與現實相符。例如，特朗普總統去年要求42％的難民來自非洲。而截至9月21日，這個比例爲46％。

另一個超出其預定比例的地區是歐洲，由於烏克蘭難民激增，原定歐洲4％的額度大幅上升到現實中的16％。

去年來自中東的難民比例差異是最明顯的。美國政府原將比例限制在39％，也就是總計45,000個難民名額中允許有17,500名來自中東的難民。但到目前爲止，2018財年只接收了3,756名中東難民，佔比17％。