研究顯示 睡得越多賺得錢越多

We all know sleep matters for job performance.

衆所周知，睡眠會影響工作表現。

After a week of vacation, you may find your work better than ever.

休假一週後，你會發現自己工作表現前所未有的好。

But rack up a week of sleepless nights - say, following a polarizing presidential election - and you may find yourself struggling.

假如你因爲兩極分化的總統大選而持續失眠一週，那可能會非常痛苦。

It wouldn't surprise anyone that sleep affects attention, memory and cognition - important factors in the workplace.

睡眠會影響注意力、記憶力和認知力等影響工作的關鍵因素，這並不讓人意外。

But striking new research suggests the effect of additional sleep has a high monetary value.

但是一項引人注目的新研究發現，睡眠還有更值錢的作用。

A paper - from Matthew Gibson of Williams College and Jeffrey Shrader of the University of California at San Diego, based on data from Jawbone, the fitness- and sleep-tracker company - says that additional time sleeping can translate into thousands of dollars in wages.

威廉姆斯學院的馬修.吉普森和加州大學聖地亞哥分校的傑夫瑞.施萊德基於健身睡眠記錄儀公司Jawbone的數據撰寫了一份研究報告，稱額外的睡眠時間可以轉變爲數千美元的薪水。

In fact, they calculate that a one-hour increase in weekly sleep raises wages by about half as much as an additional year of education.

事實上，他們計算出每週睡眠增加1小時，薪水漲幅相當於多受一年教育的一半。

Now, the story is not so simple.

事情沒那麼簡單。

Don't think you can start to sleep more and you will instantly make more money.

不要以爲你開始多睡覺就能立刻賺得更多。

It's more about the subtle interplay between how people schedule their lives, how much time they have available to sleep and how that affects worker performance and, ultimately, earnings.

關鍵是人們如何安排自己的生活、有多少時間可以睡覺以及這是如何影響員工表現並最終影響薪資，這些問題間微妙的關係纔是重點。

To investigate how sleep affects worker wages, the researchers took advantage of a kind of natural experiment - sunset times across American time zones.

爲了研究睡眠究竟怎樣影響員工工資，研究人進行了一項自然試驗——利用美國時區日落時間。

Past research shows that people naturally end up sleeping longer when the sun sets earlier, for example in the winter, even if the person goes to bed well after dark.

過去的研究顯示，當日落較早時，人們的睡眠會自然而然變長，即使是天黑很久後才睡覺也一樣，比如冬季時。

When the sun sets an hour later, it reduces nighttime sleep by roughly 20 minutes per week.

當日落較晚時，人們平均每週的睡眠時間大約減少20分鐘。

Within a single time zone, the time of sunset varies substantially, as the map below shows.

如下圖所示，在一個時區裏日落時間相差很大。

For example, the sun sets about an hour and a half earlier in Mars Hill, Maine, than in Ontonagon, Mich., even though both are in the Eastern time zone.

比如，雖然同在東部時區，緬因州馬斯希爾的日落時間比密歇根州昂託納貢的早一個半小時。

Because there shouldn't be any significant differences in workers on the eastern or western edge of a time zone beyond the amount of time they sleep, researchers use this variation to calculate how much sleep influences wages.

因爲不論在一個時區的東邊還是西邊，員工的睡眠時間應該沒有顯著差別，研究人員決定用日落時間的差異來計算睡眠對工資的影響。

They find that a one-hour increase in average weekly sleep in a location increases wages by 1.3 percent in the short run, which include changes of less than a year, and 5 percent in the long run.

他們發現，在一個地區，平均每週增加1小時睡眠，工資一年以內增長1.3%，而從長期來看增長5%。

By moving to a location where a sunset is one hour earlier, a worker will make an additional $1,570 a year.

如果搬到日落早一小時的地區，員工的工資一年將增加1570美元。

Those differences in wages end up being incorporated into the local economy.

這些工資差異也體現在當地經濟上。

The researchers find that higher wages actually translate into higher home values as well.

研究人員發現，較高的工資實際上也轉化爲更高的房價。

A county that experiences a sunset one hour earlier has on average a 6 percent higher median home value, about $7,900 to $8,800 dollars, they say.

他們稱，在一個提前1小時日落的鎮子裏，住宅均價一般會高出6%，約7900-8800美元。

Not all of these wage differences are due directly to sleep, the researchers caution.

研究人員提醒道，並非所有的工資差異都由睡眠直接導致。

Some could be due to the cumulative influence of other people.

有些是由於他人的累積影響。

If the workers around you are made slightly more productive by sleeping better, that could make your work more productive, too.

如果你周圍的員工因爲睡眠更佳而工作效率稍高的話，也可以使你的工作更有效率。

The findings suggest that sleep is a crucial determinant of productivity and wages, "rivaling ability and human capital in importance," the researchers write.

研究結果顯示，睡眠是工作效率和薪資水平的重要決定因素，可以與能力和人力資本相提並論。

Given the huge benefit that more sleep can bring, we should certainly pay more attention to ensuring that workers sleep more, they say.

研究人員稱，鑑於多睡覺對人大有裨益，我們應該更加註意確保員工多多睡覺。