5招讓你更聰明地學習

“Be sure to study hard for that test!”

一定要爲了考試而刻苦學習啊！

How many times have you heard that? But what does it even mean to study hard? Do you have to study until your head hurts? It sounds like it!

這句話你聽過多少遍了？但它對於刻苦學習有什麼作用呢？你得一直學到頭疼才罷休嗎？聽起來的確是這樣的！

The whole idea of studying harder suggests that you really don’t try very hard as a normal practice, and that is probably not true. So instead of studying harder for better results, you can study smarter, and there is good news: it won’t give you a headache.

更加刻苦地學習，它的主要意思是在平時你學習不夠刻苦，但這也很可能不對。所以，與其爲了取得更好的成績而更加刻苦地學習，你不如更加聰明地學習，它的好處是：不會使你頭疼。

How to Study Smarter

怎樣更加聰明地學習

There are a few adjustments you can make to your normal study routine to make the most of your time and effort. These adjustments are based on a few scientific discoveries about learning.

爲了最大限度地利用好你的時間和努力，你可以對自己的日常學習計劃做一些如下的調整。這些建議是基於一些關於學習的科學發現。

•We learn over time with repetition.

通過重複來一次次地學習

•We learn from active experience.

通過活動經驗來學習

•We learn through comparison.

通過比較來學習

•We learn by testing ourselves.

通過自測來學習

and Repetition

時間和重複

Some studies on brain science have shown that the practice of revisiting informationenhances learning. In other words, it is a good idea to study material more than one time, over a period of days.

一些關於腦科學的研究表明，回顧信息的實踐可以加強學習效果。也就是說，在一段時期內，多次地學習材料是一個好方法。

To study smarter, then, you should start your study session a few days ahead of time and study a few hours, walk away from the material, and study the same material again a few days later.

爲了更加聰明地學習，你應該提前幾天開始着手你的學習單元，學習幾個小時，然後暫時放棄，幾天後又再次學習。

n Through Experience

從經驗中學習

There are indications that our brains love to make associations or “connections” when we read or observe something new. It seems that the more we enhance the experience as we read, the more we may retain.

當我們在閱讀或觀察新的事物時，我們的大腦會出現建立聯繫的跡象。似乎我們越是加強閱讀經驗，能記住的東西也就越多。

As you study, you should incorporate active study strategies like drawing images, writing outlines, and repeating (into a mirror) what you’ve learned from memory.

當你學習的時候，你可以吸收一些積極的學習模式，例如畫圖、寫大綱、根據記憶（在鏡子前）重複。

It is also a good idea to study in a variety of places and environments to stimulate more associations. For example, you could study once in a quiet library and again in a very different environment, like a park or your own room.

在不同的地方或環境裏學習，也是一個促進更多聯繫的好辦法。例如，你可以現在安靜的圖書館裏學習，然後在另一個截然不同的環境裏學習，例如公園或自己的房間。

aring As We Study

在學習中比較

We understand new things by comparing them to things we already know.

們通過將所學的內容進行比較來理解新事物。

To demonstrate this, try to describe a lime to someone who has never encountered one. Your depiction might go something like this:

爲了演示，你可以向一個從沒見過酸橙的人描述酸橙。你的描述可能是這樣的：

“It’s like a lemon, but it’s green. It tastes and smells like a mix between a lemon and a tomato vine.”

它像個檸檬，但卻是綠色的。它的味道和氣味介於檸檬和西紅柿之間。

That person would most likely be able to identify a lime easily, because he or she will be able to consult stored knowledge to conjure new information (the imagined taste of a lime).

別人就會很容易地理解酸橙是什麼，因爲他們可以從已有的知識中得出新的信息（想象酸橙的味道）。

Any time you study new material, your brain consults stored knowledge to make sense of the new things you’re encountering. For example, if you live in the United States and you are required to learn about communism, you will most likely learn by comparing that system to a system you already know, like capitalism.

任何時候，當你學習新的知識，你的大腦會通過查閱已有的知識來理解你所遇到的新的事物。例如，如果你是個美國人，別人要求你學習共產主義的知識，你很可能會通過將共產主義和你已經瞭解的一種制度進行比較，例如資本主義，從而進行學習。

When you study terms to prepare for a test, you should always select two terms at the same time and describe the differences between them.

當你爲了準備考試而學習術語的時候，你應該同時選出兩個術語，描述它們的不同點。

ning By Testing

從測試中學習

Recent studies tell us that learning is enhanced through trial and error. When it comes to studying effectively, it turns out that testing is one of the best ways to prepare for testing!

近來的研究成果告訴我們，通過反覆的嘗試和錯誤，學習效果能得到加強。要想取得學習效果，測試其實就是備考的最佳方法之一！

There is good evidence that the very best way for you to learn is to take a series of practice tests. This means that the process of trying to answer questions, getting questions wrong, discovering why you were wrong, and correcting yourself—is the smartest study strategy of all.

有充分的證據表明，學習的最佳方式就是完成一系列的測驗。這意味着回答問題、出錯、發現錯在哪兒以及改正的過程是最聰明的學習模式。

Of course, if you want to do this right, you should have someone else prepare a few practice tests for you. This can be easy: just find a partner (or a group) and write questions for each other.

當然，如果你想做到這些，就得讓別人爲你準備測驗。這很簡單：找一個搭檔（或小組），然後相互出題。

In summary, the science says this: if you want to study harder and smarter, you should start early, find a study partner, get active, and test yourself.

總的來說，科學研究表明：如果你想更刻苦、更聰明地學習，就要早做準備，找一個學習搭檔，積極主動起來，給自己做測驗。

5. 找一個比你專業的人指導

聞道有先後，術業有專攻。遇到語言問題久攻不下不代表學習能力存在不足，更多的是與學習方法有關。尋求專業的人員指導，效果事半功倍。

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